ArticleBMC cancer2024
Causal inference between pernicious anemia and cancers: a bidirectional two-sample mendelian randomization analysis.
Article in BMC cancer, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Risk of Gastric Neoplasms in Patients with Autoimmune Gastritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Gut and liver · 2026Pooled it
- Review of Mendelian randomization studies on common male-specific diseases.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Pooled it
- Association between inflammatory proteins and rotator cuff tears: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Causal effect of gut microbiota on the risk of cancer and potential mediation by inflammatory proteins.World journal of surgical oncology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundObservational study investigated the association between pernicious anemia (PA) and cancers. However, with the exception of gastric cancer, the results are mostly contradictory. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential causal relationship between PA and cancers through bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomized (MR) analysis.
methodsThe European sample FinnGen project provided the genetic summary data for PA and 20 site-specific cancers. This bidirectional two-sample MR design mainly used the inverse variance weighting (IVW) method to evaluate the causal relationship between PA and cancer risk. Benjamini-Hochberg correction was performed to reduce the bias caused by multiple tests.
resultsOur study shows that there was a causal relationship between PA and gastric cancer, prostate cancer, testicular cancer and malignant melanoma of skin, and there was a reverse causal relationship between prostate cancer or gastric cancer and PA (P < 0.05). After Benjamini-Hochberg correction test, there was still a causal correlation between PA and gastric or prostate cancer (P' < 0.05), while there was only an implied causal association between PA and testicular cancer and malignant melanoma of skin (P'> 0.05). There was still a reverse causal relationship between gastric cancer and PA (P'< 0.05), while prostate cancer shows an implied reverse causal relationship(P'> 0.05). In addition, MR-Egger and MR-PRESSO tests showed no significant horizontal pleiotropy.
conclusionsPA may be genetically associated with testicular cancer, prostate cancer, gastric cancer, and malignant melanoma of skin.
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