Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38740697›Full record

ArticleJournal of autism and developmental disorders2025

A Measurement Invariance Analysis of the Anxiety Scale for Autism-Adults in a Sample of Autistic and Non-Autistic Men and Women.

Heather L Moore, Mark Freeston, Jacqui Rodgers, Sarah Cassidy

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In one paragraph

Article in Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Heather L MooreSchool of Psychology, Dame Margaret Barbour Building, Wallace Street, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4DR, UK. h.moore12@newcastle.ac.uk.
Mark FreestonSchool of Psychology, Dame Margaret Barbour Building, Wallace Street, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4DR, UK.
Jacqui RodgersPopulation Health Sciences Institute, Sir James Spence Institute, Newcastle University, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Level 3, Queen Victoria Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK.
Sarah CassidySchool of Psychology, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The Anxiety Scale for Autism-Adults (ASA-A) captures the autistic anxiety experience, but we do not know whether it is structurally equivalent for men and women, or non-autistic people. Measurement invariance analysis considered gender and diagnostic status (342 cis-gender autistic men (N = 105) and women (N = 237), 316 cis-gender non-autistic men (N = 104) and women (N = 212)). Strict invariance was achieved between autistic men and women and between non-autistic men and women, but the ASA-A structure is quantitatively different in autistic compared to non-autistic adults. Therefore, this tool cannot be used to directly compare anxiety between these groups. Autistic women scored significantly higher on the ASA-A than autistic men and Uncertainty was the highest scoring factor for autistic participants. Future research should include alternative gender identities.

Indexed as

AnxietyAutistic DisorderPsychiatric Status Rating ScalesAdolescentAdultFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPsychometricsSex FactorsYoung AdultAnxietyAutisticGenderMeasurement InvarianceNon-autistic

Identifiers

PMID38740697
PMCPMC11828802

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.