ReviewBMJ global health2024
Utilisation, out-of-pocket payments and access before and after COVID-19: Thailand's Universal Health Coverage Scheme.
Review in BMJ global health, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Service Coverage and Financial Hardship Under Universal Health Coverage: Uneven Associations Across 159 Countries (2000-2023).International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Domestic resources for surgical care financing: a descriptive analysis of global health expenditure trends and illustrative case studies on fiscal mechanisms in LMICs.BMJ global health · 2026Article
- Nationwide trends and geographic variations of diabetes in pregnancy in Thailand: Epidemiology, neonatal outcomes, and healthcare costs under the universal health coverage scheme (2013-2023).Preventive medicine reports · 2026Article
- A scoping review of national policies for healthy China from 2008 to 2024.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Epidemiological Trends of Idiopathic Epilepsy in Asia: 1990-2021 - An Analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.Neuroepidemiology · 2026Article
- Reducing private health expenditure in Greece: the case for regulated complementary health insurance.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- A case study integrating scenario thinking with dialysis policymaking in Thailand.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- Nationwide implementation of a diabetes self-management and network system improves outcomes in type 1 diabetes: real-world evidence from Thailand.BMC endocrine disorders · 2025Observational
- Balancing patient choice and health system capacity: a system dynamics model of dialysis in Thailand.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Digital pulse: Social media reaction to South Africa's National Health Insurance implementation.African journal of primary health care & family medicine · 2025Article
- A nationwide population-based cross-sectional time series study of hospitalized chronic liver disease burden in Thailand from 2017 to 2022.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Revisiting the Role of Intravitreal Triamcinolone in Diabetic Macular Edema: 12-Month Outcomes after Bevacizumab Failure.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2025Article
- Article
- The burden of migraine and tension-type headache in Asia from 1990 to 2021.The journal of headache and pain · 2025Article
- How to deliver person-centred care for people living with heart failure: a multi stakeholder interview study with patients, caregivers and healthcare professionals in Thailand.BMC health services research · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The goal of Universal Health Coverage (UHC) is that everyone needing healthcare can access quality services without financial hardship. Recent research covering countries with UHC systems documents the emergence, and acceleration following the COVID-19 pandemic of unapproved informal payment systems by providers that collect under-the-table payments from patients. In 2001, Thailand extended its '30 Baht' government-financed coverage to all uninsured people with little or no cost sharing. In this paper, we update the literature on the performance of Thailand's Universal Health Coverage Scheme (UCS) with data covering 2019 (pre-COVID-19) through 2021. We find that access to care for Thailand's UCS-covered population (53 million) is similar to access provided to populations covered by the other major public health insurance schemes covering government and private sector workers, and that, unlike reports from other UHC countries, no evidence that informal side payments have emerged, even in the face of COVID-19 related pressures. However, we do find that nearly one out of eight Thailand's UCS-covered patients seek care outside the UCS delivery system where they will incur out-of-pocket payments. This finding predates the COVID-19 pandemic and suggests the need for further research into the performance of the UHC-sponsored delivery system.
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