ArticleFrontiers in immunology2024
Osteomyelitis is associated with increased anti-inflammatory response and immune exhaustion.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- A retrospective cohort study comparing the effects on inflammatory response and clinical outcomes of vancomycin-PMMA versus vancomycin-sulfate calcium in chronic osteomyelitis.Annals of medicine · 2026Article
- Osteomyelitis: Epidemiology, Classification, Pathophysiology, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, and Management.MedComm · 2026Review
- Propolis Flavonoids Ameliorate Chronic Osteomyelitis in a Rat Model by Modulating TAZ-Regulated Treg/Th17 Balance.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2026Article
- Genetic evidence suggests a causal relationship linking thyroid function to osteomyelitis.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2026Article
- DAPK3-Ablation Regulates the AMPK/mTOR-GPX4 Signaling Pathway to Affect Biological Functions of Staphylococcus aureus-Treated Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Potentially Ameliorate Osteomyelitis.Molecular biotechnology · 2026Article
- Beyond the skin barrier: commensalbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Research Advances in the Endometriotic Microenvironment: Synergistic Immune-Inflammatory-Angiogenic Interactions and their Therapeutic Translation.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2026Review
- Exploring Chronic Pain, Immune Dysfunction and Lifestyle: A Focus on T Cell Exhaustion and Senescence.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Diagnostic value of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and serum biomarkers in chronic osteomyelitis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Investigating the association between polyunsaturated fatty acids and osteomyelitis by Mendelian randomization.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Application of Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs) in Treatment of Osteomyelitis in Human and Veterinary Orthopedics.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2025Review
- Evaluating the safety, pharmacokinetics and efficacy of phage therapy in treating fracture-related infections with multidrug-resistantFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Influence of Altered Immune-Inflammatory Axis on the Risk of Osteomyelitis and Its Network Interaction Effect in European Population.Mediators of inflammation · 2025Article
- Trends in immune cell profiles of osteomyelitis: a clinical study supported by Mendelian randomization analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Immune Checkpoint Molecules as Biomarkers ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Immune exhaustion in bacterial infections: mechanisms, consequences, and therapeutic implications.The Brazilian journal of infectious diseases : an official publication of the Brazilian Society of Infectious DiseasesReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Osteomyelitis (OMS) is a bone infection causing bone pain and severe complications. A balanced immune response is critical to eradicate infection without harming the host, yet pathogens manipulate immunity to establish a chronic infection. Understanding OMS-driven inflammation is essential for disease management, but comprehensive data on immune profiles and immune cell activation during OMS are lacking. Methods: Using high-dimensional flow cytometry, we investigated the detailed innate and adaptive systemic immune cell populations in OMS and age- and sex-matched controls. Results: Our study revealed that OMS is associated with increased levels of immune regulatory cells, namely T regulatory cells, B regulatory cells, and T follicular regulatory cells. In addition, the expression of immune activation markers HLA-DR and CD86 was decreased in OMS, while the expression of immune exhaustion markers TIM-3, PD-1, PD-L1, and VISTA was increased. Members of the T follicular helper (Tfh) cell family as well as classical and typical memory B cells were significantly increased in OMS individuals. We also found a strong correlation between memory B cells and Tfh cells. Discussion: We conclude that OMS skews the host immune system towards the immunomodulatory arm and that the Tfh memory B cell axis is evident in OMS. Therefore, immune-directed therapies may be a promising alternative for eradication and recurrence of infection in OMS, particularly in individuals and areas where antibiotic resistance is a major concern.
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