ArticleThe British and Irish orthoptic journal2024
The Impact on Vergence Parameters After Smartphone Gaming.
Article in The British and Irish orthoptic journal, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Impact of Different Illumination Levels on Ocular Parameters in Healthy Adults During Book-Reading: An Experimental Study.The British and Irish orthoptic journal · 2026Article
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2 authors.
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Abstract
Aims: To evaluate the impact of smartphone gaming on the vergence system of the eye. Settings and Design: A 5-month (from March 2023 to August 2023) comparative and experimental research was conducted. Materials and Methods: Eighty-two participants with a mean age of 21.98 ± 2.26 years were present in the study. Prior to assessing accommodation and vergence system characteristics, participants underwent a comprehensive eye examination. The participants were asked to play a shooting game on a smartphone for 30 minutes at a 40 cm distance. Measurements of the vergence parameters were taken before and after the activity and afterwards were compared. Statistical Analysis: Non-parametric tests were used to compare pre- and post-task measurements. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare the variables: Negative fusional vergence (NFV), Positive fusional vergence (PFV), Near point of convergence (NPC), and Vergence Facility (VF), with the alpha error set at 5%. Results: The mean age of the participants was 21.98 ± 2.26 years. Post-task, the vergence parameters: NPC (p < 0.001), NFV for near distance (p < 0.001), PFV for near distance (p < 0.001), and VF (p < 0.001) showed significant decrease in vergence parameters. Conclusions: The study shows smartphone gaming for 30 minutes affects the vergence system, leading to binocular vision anomalies in young individuals.
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