ArticleCancer cell international2024
Forkhead box E1, frequently downregulted by promoter methylation, inhibits colorectal cancer cell growth and migration.
Article in Cancer cell international, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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3 citing papers in PubMed.
- TTF2 as a potential biomarker and immunotherapy target in glioma diagnosis and prognosis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Early colorectal cancer diagnosis: A novel methylated stool DNA model enhanced the diagnostic efficiency.United European gastroenterology journal · 2025Article
- From mechanisms to precision medicine: the role of organoids in studying the gut microbiota-tumor microenvironment axis.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
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6 authors.
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Abstract
Forkhead box E1 (FOXE1), also known as thyroid transcription factor 2 (TTF-2), belongs to a large family of forkhead transcription factors. It plays important roles in embryogenesis, cell growth, and differentiation. Cancer-specific FOXE1 hypermethylation events have been identified in several cancers. However, the expression and function of FOXE1 in the tumorigenesis of colorectal cancer remain still unknown. In this study, we examined FOXE1 expression and methylation in normal colon mucosa, colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines, and primary tumors by immunohistochemistry, semi-quantitative RT-PCR, methylation-specific PCR, and bisulfite genomic sequencing. We found that FOXE1 was frequently methylated and silenced in CRC cell lines and was downregulated in CRC tissues compared with paired adjacent non-tumor tissues. Meanwhile, low FOXE1 expression was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis and advanced TNM stages, indicating its potential as a tumor marker. Subsequently, we established colon cancer cell lines with stable FOXE1 expression to observe the biological effect on colorectal cancer, including cell growth, migration, actin cytoskeleton, and growth of human colorectal xenografts in nude mice. Ectopic expression of FOXE1 could suppress tumor cell growth and migration and affect the organization of the actin cytoskeleton together with suppressing tumorigenicity in vivo. FOXE1 methylation was frequently seen in association with a complete absence of or downregulated gene expression, and FOXE1 plays a suppressive role in the development and progression of colorectal cancer.
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