ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2024
Receptor Targeting Using Copolymer-Modified Gold Nanoparticles for pCMV-Luc Gene Delivery to Liver Cancer Cells In Vitro.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Gold Nanoparticles as Targeted Drug Delivery Systems for Liver Cancer: A Systematic Review of Tumor Targeting Efficiency and Toxicity Profiles.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Selenium Nanoparticles: Novel Synthesis, Characterization, Polymer Functionalization, and Cytotoxicity In Vitro.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Nanotechnology-Enabled Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Theranostics, Combination Regimens, and Translation.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Functionalized Core/Shell Gold-Palladium Bimetallic Nanoparticles in Transferrin-Targeted Dual-Drug Delivery in a Cervical Cancer Cell Model.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Gold Nanoparticles in Biomedical Applications: Synthesis, Functionalization, and Recent Advances.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Multifunctional gold nanoparticles: bridging detection, diagnosis, and targeted therapy in cancer.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- Isolation, Characterization, Antioxidant and Anticancer Activities of Compounds fromAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Bio-Inspired Polymeric Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for siRNA Delivery: Cytotoxicity and Cellular Uptake In Vitro.Polymers · 2024Article
- Gold Nanoparticles: Multifunctional Properties, Synthesis, and Future Prospects.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The formulation of novel delivery protocols for the targeted delivery of genes into hepatocytes by receptor mediation is important for the treatment of liver-specific disorders, including cancer. Non-viral delivery methods have been extensively studied for gene therapy. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have gained attention in nanomedicine due to their biocompatibility. In this study, AuNPs were synthesized and coated with polymers: chitosan (CS), and polyethylene glycol (PEG). The targeting moiety, lactobionic acid (LA), was added for hepatocyte-specific delivery. Physicochemical characterization revealed that all nano-formulations were spherical and monodispersed, with hydrodynamic sizes between 70 and 250 nm. Nanocomplexes with pCMV-Luc DNA (pDNA) confirmed that the NPs could bind, compact, and protect the pDNA from nuclease degradation. Cytotoxicity studies revealed that the AuNPs were well tolerated (cell viabilities > 70%) in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), embryonic kidney (HEK293), and colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells, with enhanced transgene activity in all cells. The inclusion of LA in the NP formulation was notable in the HepG2 cells, which overexpress the asialoglycoprotein receptor on their cell surface. A five-fold increase in luciferase gene expression was evident for the LA-targeted AuNPs compared to the non-targeted AuNPs. These AuNPs have shown potential as safe and suitable targeted delivery vehicles for liver-directed gene therapy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.