ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2024
Extreme Tolerance of Extraocular Muscles to Diseases and Aging: Why and How?
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Ocular Manifestations of Infectious Salmon Anaemia Virus Infection in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar).Journal of fish diseases · 2026Article
- The ALX1 transcription factor acts in the early cranial mesoderm to specify extraocular muscle formation.Disease models & mechanisms · 2026Article
- Zebrafish fast muscle contractions avoid the mammalian requirement for voltage-gated Na+ channels.PLoS biology · 2025Article
- Review
- Molecular pathways involved in the control of contractile and metabolic properties of skeletal muscle fibers as potential therapeutic targets for Duchenne muscular dystrophy.Frontiers in physiology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The extraocular muscles (EOMs) possess unique characteristics that set them apart from other skeletal muscles. These muscles, responsible for eye movements, exhibit remarkable resistance to various muscular dystrophies and aging, presenting a significant contrast to the vulnerability of skeletal muscles to these conditions. In this review, we delve into the cellular and molecular underpinnings of the distinct properties of EOMs. We explore their structural complexity, highlighting differences in fiber types, innervation patterns, and developmental origins. Notably, EOM fibers express a diverse array of myosin heavy-chain isoforms, retaining embryonic forms into adulthood. Moreover, their motor innervation is characterized by a high ratio of nerve fibers to muscle fibers and the presence of unique neuromuscular junctions. These features contribute to the specialized functions of EOMs, including rapid and precise eye movements. Understanding the mechanisms behind the resilience of EOMs to disease and aging may offer insights into potential therapeutic strategies for treating muscular dystrophies and myopathies affecting other skeletal muscles.
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Registered trials
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