ReviewCancers2024
Immune System Disorder and Cancer-Associated Cachexia.
Review in Cancers, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cancer Cachexia Research and Drug Development: Lessons from Failures and the Promise of Immunomodulation.Cancers · 2026Review
- Age-Dependent Prognostic Significance of Preoperative Transthyretin After Curative Resection for Stage I-III Colorectal Cancer.Annals of gastroenterological surgery · 2026Article
- Systemic inflammation plays a key prognostic role in patients with head and neck cancer treated with immunotherapy and is linked to CT-based body composition metrics.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2026Article
- NF-κB Signaling as a Central Driver of Cancer Cachexia.Cancers · 2026Review
- Limited Utility of the CALLY Index in Enhancing Mortality Prediction for Trauma Patients in Intensive Care Units: A Retrospective Analysis.Risk management and healthcare policy · 2026Article
- The role of hormonal and nutritional biomarkers in predicting immune checkpoint inhibitor efficacy: current limitations and future prospects.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Dietary phosphorus restriction induced phospholipid deficiency, endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammatory response and gut microbiota disorders inFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- CD206 accelerates hepatocellular carcinoma progression by regulating the tumour immune microenvironment and increasing M2-type polarisation of tumour-associated macrophages and inflammation factor expression.Discover oncology · 2024Article
- Balancing the Scales: The Dual Role of Interleukins in Bone Metastatic Microenvironments.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Defeating lethal cancer: Interrupting the ecologic and evolutionary basis of death from malignancy.CA: a cancer journal for cliniciansReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cancer-associated cachexia (CAC) is a debilitating condition marked by muscle and fat loss, that is unresponsive to nutritional support and contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality in patients with cancer. Immune dysfunction, driven by cytokine imbalance, contributes to CAC progression. This review explores the potential relationship between CAC and anti-cancer immune response in pre-clinical and clinical studies. Pre-clinical studies showcase the involvement of cytokines like IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and TGF-β, in CAC. IL-6 and TNF-α, interacting with muscle and adipose tissues, induce wasting through JAK/STAT and NF-κB pathways. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) exacerbate CAC by promoting inflammation. Clinical studies confirm elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, TNFα) and immune markers like the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in patients with CAC. Thus, immunomodulatory mechanisms involved in CAC may impact the anti-neoplastic immune response. Inhibiting CAC mechanisms could enhance anti-cancer therapies, notably immunotherapy. R-ketorolac, a new immunomodulator, reversed the weight loss and increased survival in mice. Combining these agents with immunotherapy may benefit patients with cancer experiencing CAC. Further research is vital to understand the complex interplay between tumor-induced immune dysregulation and CAC during immunotherapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.