ArticleAlzheimer's research & therapy2024
Association between untreated and treated blood pressure levels and cognitive decline in community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults in China: a longitudinal study.
Article in Alzheimer's research & therapy, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Cumulative blood pressure and risk of dementia and cognitive decline: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2026Pooled it
- Heterogeneity in the association between cardiovascular disease and cognitive decline: a pooled analysis of five prospective cohort studies from 24 countries.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Heterogeneous trajectories of appendicular skeletal muscle mass change and cognitive impairment in community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Associations of white matter hyperintensity regression and progression with cognitive and structural brain changes: a population-based cohort study.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2026Article
- Lagged effects of risk factors on the disability of older adults: A distributed lag non-linear model approach.International journal of nursing sciences · 2026Article
- Association between multimorbidity and young-onset dementia: a prospective study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Association between cumulative blood pressure and the risk of cognitive impairment in Chinese older adults: a longitudinal study over 16 years.BMC geriatrics · 2025Article
- Temporal and joint associations of hypertension and estimated pulse wave velocity with incident cardiovascular diseases: a population-based cohort study.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Temporal patterns of cognitive decline after hypertension onset among middle-aged and older adults in China.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Epidemiology and Risk Factors Characteristics of Alzheimer's Disease in Southwestern China: A Cross-Sectional Study.Clinical interventions in aging · 2025Article
- The association between weight-adjusted-waist index and cognitive function: the cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence from CHARLS.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Association between hypertension and dementia risk in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review.JAR life · 2025Review
- Metabolic factors, gut microbiota, and cognitive performance: Mendelian randomization analysis.Journal of Alzheimer's disease reportsArticle
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundOptimal blood pressure (BP) levels to reduce the long-term risk of cognitive decline remains controversial. We aimed to investigate the association between BP and anti-hypertensive treatment status with cognitive decline in older adults.
methodsThis study used data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Cognitive function was assessed at year 2011, 2013, 2015, and 2018. Global cognitive Z-score was calculated as the average score of episodic memory and mental intactness. BP were measured at the first and second wave. Pulse pressure (PP) was calculated as systolic BP (SBP) minus diastolic BP. Cumulative BP was calculated as the area under the curve using BP measurements from 2011 to 2013. Linear mixed models were used to assess the longitudinal association between BP-related measurements and cognitive decline.
resultsWe included 11,671 participants (47.3% men and mean age 58.6 years). Individual with BP > 140/90 mm Hg or taking anti-hypertensive medication were independently associated with accelerated cognitive decline (β=-0.014, 95% CI: -0.020 to -0.007). Individuals with anti-hypertensive medication use, but with controlled SBP to less than 120 mm Hg did not have a significantly increased risk of cognitive decline compared with normotension (β=-0.003, 95% CI: -0.021 to 0.014). Individuals on anti-hypertensive treatment with PP of more than 70 mm Hg had a significantly higher risk of cognitive decline (β=-0.033, 95% CI: -0.045 to -0.020). Regardless of anti-hypertensive treatment status, both elevated baseline and cumulative SBP and PP were found to be independently associated with accelerated cognitive decline.
conclusionsCumulatively elevated SBP, PP and uncontrolled BP were associated with subsequent cognitive decline. Effectively controlling BP with anti-hypertensive treatment may be able to preserve cognitive decline in older adults.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.