ArticleParasites & vectors2024
Seasonal change and influence of environmental variables on host-seeking activity of the biting midge Culicoides sonorensis at a southern California dairy, USA.
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Temperature and humidity limits for flight activity of field-collected Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in the United Kingdom under defined laboratory conditions.Journal of medical entomology · 2026Article
- Culicoides insignis Lutz and Culicoides stellifer (Coquillett) (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are more active at canopy height than ground level throughout the night in Florida.Journal of medical entomology · 2026Article
- Bluetongue Virus Surveillance in Yunnan, China, 2025: Isolation of Multiple Serotypes From Culicoides and Seasonal Seroepidemiology in Cattle.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2026Article
- Leishmaniasis Transmission Risk at the Forest-Peridomestic Interface in an Area of Southern Sinaloa, Mexico: Entomological, Molecular, and Climatic Evidence.Journal of parasitology research · 2026Article
- Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Detected in Biting Midges and Black Flies during the 2023 Outbreak in Southern California.Viruses · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAs a primary vector of bluetongue virus (BTV) in the US, seasonal abundance and diel flight activity of Culicoides sonorensis has been documented, but few studies have examined how time of host-seeking activity is impacted by environmental factors. This knowledge is essential for interpreting surveillance data and modeling pathogen transmission risk.
methodsThe diel host-seeking activity of C. sonorensis was studied on a California dairy over 3 years using a time-segregated trap baited with CO
resultsHost-seeking by C. sonorensis began and reached an activity peak before sunset at a higher frequency during colder months relative to warmer months. The time that host-seeking activity occurred was associated low and high daily temperature as well as wind speed at sunset. Colder temperatures and a greater diurnal temperature range were associated with an earlier peak in host-seeking. Higher wind speeds at sunset were associated with a delayed peak in host-seeking and a shortened duration of host-seeking. Parous midges reached peak host-seeking activity slightly later than nulliparous midges, possibly because of the need for oviposition by gravid females before returning to host-seeking.
conclusionsThis study demonstrates that during colder months C. sonorensis initiates host-seeking and reaches peak host-seeking activity earlier relative to sunset, often even before sunset, compared to warmer months. Therefore, the commonly used UV light-baited traps are ineffective for midge surveillance before sunset. Based on this study, surveillance methods that do not rely on light trapping would provide a more accurate estimate of host-biting risk across seasons. The association of environmental factors to host-seeking shown in this study can be used to improve modeling or prediction of host-seeking activity. This study identified diurnal temperature range as associated with host-seeking activity, suggesting that Culicoides may respond to a rapidly decreasing temperature by shifting to an earlier host-seeking time, though this association needs further study.
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