ArticleBMC infectious diseases2024
Association between bacterial vaginosis, Chlamydia trachomatis infection and tubal factor infertility in Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Infertility service availability, geographic accessibility, and use: results from linked facility-female cross-sectional data in Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Niger, and Uganda.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Exploring the psychological implications of infertility among IVF parents in Uganda using the transactional theory of stress and coping.BMC psychology · 2026Article
- Phage therapy for treatment of bacterial vaginosis.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- Article
- The burden of infertility in north-eastern Democratic Republic of Congo, a high-fertility region: a cross-sectional study.Reproductive health · 2025Article
- Molecular prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection among women attending gynaecological clinic for infertility evaluation.BMC women's health · 2025Article
- Review
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
backgroundTubal factor infertility (TFI) is common in sub-Saharan Africa and often secondary to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Anaerobes associated with bacterial vaginosis (BV) are also found in PIDs widely dominated by Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis), whose role in TFI is better demonstrated than that of BV.
objectivesTo determine the prevalence of BV and C. trachomatis and to investigate the association between BV, C. trachomatis and TFI.
methodsWe included 137 patients treated for infertility between January 2020 and November 2021. Cases were defined as women with infertility aged 18-45 years presenting with TFI (n = 52), and controls as infertile women in the same age groups without TFI (n = 85). Data on social habits, life style and infertility parameters were collected, and we performed screening for BV and C. trachomatis. Multiple regression was used to measure associations.
resultsThe prevalence of BV and C. trachomatis was 42.3% (58/137) and 23.4% (32/137), respectively. BV (61.5% vs 30.6%, p<0.001) and C. trachomatis (48.1 vs 8.2%, p<0.001) were more frequent in cases of TFI. BV and C. trachomatis increased the risk of TFI approximately 4-fold [aOR: 3.77 (1.61-8.83), p=0.002] and 14-fold [aOR: 13.77 (4.59-41.27), p<0.001], respectively.
conclusionBV and C. trachomatis infection are strongly associated with TFI in Bukavu. Prevention and screening should be implemented to reduce the risk of TFI.
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