ArticleInternational journal for equity in health2024
Persistent inequities in maternal mortality in Latin America and the Caribbean, 1990-2019.
Article in International journal for equity in health, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Structural and Intermediate Social Determinants of Health Linked to Adolescent Pregnancy in the Peruvian Rural Context.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Navigating strategies for intercultural maternal and newborn care in Latin America and the Caribbean: a scoping review.Health promotion international · 2026Article
- Maternal factors associated with antenatal care attendance: Nationally representative cross-sectional survey in Mexico.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2026Article
- Association between social and built environment characteristics and maternal mortality in 340 Latin America cities: an ecological study from the SALURBAL study.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Examining women's choice between home and institutional births: Insights from the Salud Mesoamérica Initiative (SMI).PloS one · 2026Observational
- Synthetic data within a common data model for artificial intelligence applications in maternal health: experience report in the Colombian contextBiomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud · 2025Article
- Maternal mortality ratios in Southeast Asia (1990-2021): trends, disparities, and projections through 2050 based on the global burden of disease 2021, with reference to SDG 3.1.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Gender, equity, and resilient primary health care in Latin America and the Caribbean: aligned and synergistic goals.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2025Article
- Article
- Trends in maternal mortality in Latin America and the caribbean: a joinpoint analysis.BMC women's health · 2025Observational
- Health system financing fragmentation and maternal mortality transition in Mexico, 2000-2022.International journal for equity in health · 2025Article
- Spatiotemporal disparities in maternal mortality and the role of multiscale administrative levels: a 20-year study across Chinese counties.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Human resources for health and maternal mortality in Latin America and the Caribbean over the last three decades: a systemic-perspective reflections.International journal for equity in health · 2024Article
- Impact of Government Health Expenditure on Maternal Mortality: An Appraisal of South-Asian-Economies.Inquiry : a journal of medical care organization, provision and financingArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDespite the resources and personnel mobilized in Latin America and the Caribbean to reduce the maternal mortality ratio (MMR, maternal deaths per 100 000 live births) in women aged 10-54 years by 75% between 2000 and 2015, the region failed to meet the Millenium Development Goals (MDGs) due to persistent barriers to access quality reproductive, maternal, and neonatal health services.
methodsUsing 1990-2019 data from the Global Burden of Disease project, we carried out a two-stepwise analysis to (a) identify the differences in the MMR temporal patterns and (b) assess its relationship with selected indicators: government health expenditure (GHE), the GHE as percentage of gross domestic product (GDP), the availability of human resources for health (HRH), the coverage of effective interventions to reduce maternal mortality, and the level of economic development of each country.
findingsIn the descriptive analysis, we observed a heterogeneous overall reduction of MMR in the region between 1990 and 2019 and heterogeneous overall increases in the GHE, GHE/GDP, and HRH availability. The correlation analysis showed a close, negative, and dependent association of the economic development level between the MMR and GHE per capita, the percentage of GHE to GDP, the availability of HRH, and the coverage of SBA. We observed the lowest MMRs when GHE as a percentage of GDP was close to 3% or about US$400 GHE per capita, HRH availability of 6 doctors, nurses, and midwives per 1,000 inhabitants, and skilled birth attendance levels above 90%.
conclusionsWithin the framework of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) agenda, health policies aimed at the effective reduction of maternal mortality should consider allocating more resources as a necessary but not sufficient condition to achieve the goals and should prioritize the implementation of new forms of care with a gender and rights approach, as well as strengthening actions focused on vulnerable groups.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.