Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38729937›Full record

ArticleNature communications2024

Distributed representations of prediction error signals across the cortical hierarchy are synergistic.

Frank Gelens, Juho Äijälä, Louis Roberts, Misako Komatsu, Cem Uran, Michael A Jensen, Kai J Miller, Robin A A Ince, Max Garagnani, Martin Vinck and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Brain Network Dynamics of Local and Global Predictive Processing in Aging.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Delayed, Reduced, and Redundant: Information Processing of Prediction Errors during Human Sleep.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Review
  14. Cortical deviance detection represents a canonical difference signal.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  15. Broadband synergy versus oscillatory redundancy in the visual cortex.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  16. Error encoding in human speech motor cortex.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Feature-specific predictive processing: What's in a prediction error?Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Frank Gelens *Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129-B, 1018 WT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Juho Äijälä *Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, CB2 3EB, Cambridge, UK.
Louis RobertsDepartment of Psychology, University of Cambridge, CB2 3EB, Cambridge, UK.
Misako KomatsuLaboratory for Haptic Perception and Cognitive Physiology, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4464-4484
Cem UranErnst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Michael A JensenDepartment of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5191-7244
Kai J MillerDepartment of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
Robin A A InceSchool of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QB, Scotland, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8427-0507
Max GaragnaniDepartment of Computing, Goldsmiths, University of London, SE14 6NW, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2104-1074
Martin VinckErnst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. martin.vinck@esi-frankfurt.de.
Andres Canales-JohnsonDepartment of Psychology, University of Cambridge, CB2 3EB, Cambridge, UK. afc37@cam.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2747-8894

Funding

MSTP at Mayo Clinic RochesterT32GM145408 · NIGMS · MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER · PI SCOTT H KAUFMANN, LISA A SCHIMMENTI · 2023 to 2026
$4.7M
An Ecosystem of Technology and Protocols for Adaptive Neuromodulation Research in HumansU01NS128612 · NINDS · MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER · PI Peter Brunner, Kai Miller · 2022 to 2026
$4.5M
European Research Council 850861NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM145408NINDS NIH HHS U01 NS128612
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A relevant question concerning inter-areal communication in the cortex is whether these interactions are synergistic. Synergy refers to the complementary effect of multiple brain signals conveying more information than the sum of each isolated signal. Redundancy, on the other hand, refers to the common information shared between brain signals. Here, we dissociated cortical interactions encoding complementary information (synergy) from those sharing common information (redundancy) during prediction error (PE) processing. We analyzed auditory and frontal electrocorticography (ECoG) signals in five common awake marmosets performing two distinct auditory oddball tasks and investigated to what extent event-related potentials (ERP) and broadband (BB) dynamics encoded synergistic and redundant information about PE processing. The information conveyed by ERPs and BB signals was synergistic even at lower stages of the hierarchy in the auditory cortex and between auditory and frontal regions. Using a brain-constrained neural network, we simulated the synergy and redundancy observed in the experimental results and demonstrated that the emergence of synergy between auditory and frontal regions requires the presence of strong, long-distance, feedback, and feedforward connections. These results indicate that distributed representations of PE signals across the cortical hierarchy can be highly synergistic.

Indexed as

Acoustic StimulationAuditory CortexCallithrixElectrocorticographyAnimalsAuditory PerceptionBrain MappingEvoked PotentialsEvoked Potentials, AuditoryFemaleFrontal LobeMale

Identifiers

PMID38729937
PMCPMC11087548

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.