ArticleBMJ open diabetes research & care2024
Glucose levels measured with continuous glucose monitoring in uncomplicated pregnancies.
Article in BMJ open diabetes research & care, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Effectiveness of continuous glucose monitoring on maternal and neonatal outcomes in gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Pooled it
- The Effect of Midpregnancy Screening for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus on Pregnancy Outcomes: The TESGO Randomized Controlled Trial.Diabetes care · 2026Trial
- Continuous glucose monitoring in early gestational diabetes improves maternal and neonatal outcomes-The Steady Sugar trial.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Trial
- Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Pregnancies With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Diabetes care · 2025Trial
- Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Evidence, Clinical Benefits and Remaining Challenges.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2026Review
- Managing Gestational Diabetes Complexity with Continuous Glucose Monitoring: A Narrative Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Continuous Glucose Monitoring Metrics for Predicting Adverse Neonatal Outcomes in Individuals Undergoing Gestational Diabetes Screening.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2026Article
- The role of continuous glucose monitoring for diagnosis of gestational diabetes: exploring the potential.BMC medicine · 2026Review
- Metrics in pregnancy: is it the time for new glycaemic goals for pregnant women with type 1 diabetes? An experience with advanced hybrid closed loop.Acta diabetologica · 2026Article
- Advantages and Challenges of Automated Insulin Delivery Use in Pregnancy: Physiology Considerations.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2026Review
- Continuous Glucose Monitoring Metrics and Pregnancy Outcomes in Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Secondary Analysis of the DiGest Trial.Diabetes care · 2025Article
- Continuous glucose monitoring system in diabetes in pregnancy: a narrative review.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Review
- Diabetes Mellitus in Pregnancy: Implications for Obstetric Anesthesia.Anesthesiology · 2025Review
- Defining Continuous Glucose Monitor Time in Range in a Large, Community-Based Cohort Without Diabetes.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionTo characterize glucose levels during uncomplicated pregnancies, defined as pregnancy with a hemoglobin A1c <5.7% (<39 mmol/mol) in early pregnancy, and without a large-for-gestational-age birth, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, or gestational diabetes mellitus (ie, abnormal oral glucose tolerance test). RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsTwo sites enrolled 937 pregnant individuals aged 18 years and older prior to reaching 17 gestational weeks; 413 had an uncomplicated pregnancy (mean±SD body mass index (BMI) of 25.3±5.0 kg/m
resultsParticipants wore CGM for a median of 123 days each. Glucose levels were nearly stable throughout all three trimesters in uncomplicated pregnancies. Overall mean±SD glucose during gestation was 98±7 mg/dL (5.4±0.4 mmol/L), median per cent time 63-120 mg/dL (3.5-6.7 mmol/L) was 86% (IQR: 82-89%), median per cent time <63 mg/dL (3.5 mmol/L) was 1.8%, median per cent time >120 mg/dL (6.7 mmol/L) was 11%, and median per cent time >140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L) was 2.5%. Mean post-prandial peak glucose was 126±22 mg/dL (7.0±1.2 mmol/L), and mean post-prandial glycemic excursion was 36±22 mg/dL (2.0±1.2 mmol/L). Higher mean glucose levels were low to moderately associated with pregnant individuals with higher BMIs (103±6 mg/dL (5.7±0.3 mmol/L) for BMI ≥30.0 kg/m
conclusionsMean glucose levels and time 63-120 mg/dL (3.5-6.7 mmol/L) remained nearly stable throughout pregnancy and values above 140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L) were rare. Mean glucose levels in pregnancy trend higher as BMI increases into the overweight/obesity range. The glycemic metrics reported during uncomplicated pregnancies represent treatment targets for pregnant individuals.
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