ArticleThe Lancet. Planetary health2024
Quantifying cost of disease in livestock: a new metric for the Global Burden of Animal Diseases.
Article in The Lancet. Planetary health, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Economic impact of chicken diseases and other causes of morbidity or mortality in backyard farms in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC veterinary research · 2025Pooled it
- Yeast-Derived Postbiotics for Prevention of Enteric Diseases in Farm Animals: Current Insights and Future Perspectives.Veterinary sciences · 2026Review
- Estimating the economic burden of mastitis and antimicrobial use in a commercial dairy system using the animal health loss envelope framework.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Epidemiology and economics of foot-and-mouth disease: current understanding and knowledge gaps.Veterinary research · 2025Review
- Understanding the Burden of Agriculturally Significant Vector-Borne and Parasitic Diseases in Kansas.Vector borne and zoonotic diseases (Larchmont, N.Y.) · 2025Review
- Intergovernmental or fully independent? Designing a scientific panel on evidence for action against antimicrobial resistance.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- A framework for handling uncertainty in a large-scale programme estimating the Global Burden of Animal Diseases.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Estimating sectoral livestock biomass and stock value using data from national diseases eradication programs: a case study based on the Irish cattle herd from 2011 to 2021.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- The burden of disease in Swiss pork production.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- A framework for quantifying the multisectoral burden of animal disease to support decision making.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Review
- The burden of antimicrobial resistance in livestock: A framework to estimate its impact within the Global Burden of Animal Diseases programme.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2024Article
- Economic effects of livestock disease burden in Ethiopia: A computable general equilibrium analysis.PloS one · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIncreasing awareness of the environmental and public health impacts of expanding and intensifying animal-based food and farming systems creates discord, with the reliance of much of the world's population on animals for livelihoods and essential nutrition. Increasing the efficiency of food production through improved animal health has been identified as a step towards minimising these negative effects without compromising global food security. The Global Burden of Animal Diseases (GBADs) programme aims to provide data and analytical methods to support positive change in animal health across all livestock and aquaculture animal populations.
methodsIn this study, we present a metric that begins the process of disease burden estimation by converting the physical consequences of disease on animal performance to farm-level costs of disease, and calculates a metric termed the Animal Health Loss Envelope (AHLE) via comparison between the status quo and a disease-free ideal. An example calculation of the AHLE metric for meat production from broiler chickens is provided.
findingsThe AHLE presents the direct financial costs of disease at farm-level for all causes by estimating losses and expenditure in a given farming system. The general specification of the model measures productivity change at farm-level and provides an upper bound on productivity change in the absence of disease. On its own, it gives an indication of the scale of total disease cost at farm-level.
interpretationThe AHLE is an essential stepping stone within the GBADs programme because it connects the physical performance of animals in farming systems under different environmental and management conditions and different health states to farm economics. Moving forward, AHLE results will be an important step in calculating the wider monetary consequences of changes in animal health as part of the GBADs programme.
fundingBill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the UK Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office, EU Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme.
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