ArticleInternational journal of clinical pharmacy2024
Investigating practice integration of independent prescribing by community pharmacists using normalization process theory: a cross-sectional survey.
Article in International journal of clinical pharmacy, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Stakeholders' views of the implementation of pharmacist prescribing in the community pharmacy setting: a mixed-methods systematic review.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2026Review
- Exploring the readiness of Pakistani pharmacists to become independent prescribers: A qualitative study.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2026Article
- Pharmacists' views on barriers and enablers to the implementation of advanced pharmacist prescribing in Scotland: a qualitative study using normalisation process theory.International journal of clinical pharmacy · 2026Article
- Evaluating the Perceptions, Expectations, and Concerns of Community Pharmacists in Germany Regarding Prescribing by Pharmacists.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Building an effective medicines optimisation model: a health system approach.International journal of clinical pharmacy · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIndependent prescribing (IP) has not been extensively investigated in community pharmacy (CP). Normalization process theory (NPT) constructs help explain how interventions are integrated into practice and include: 'coherence' (understanding), 'cognitive participation' (what promotes engagement), 'collective action' (integration with existing systems), and 'reflexive monitoring' (evaluation).
aimTo use NPT to investigate the integration of pharmacist IP in CP.
methodNHS Scotland Pharmacy First Plus (PFP) is a community pharmacy IP service. Questionnaire items were developed using the NPT derived Normalisation MeAsure Development (NoMAD) tool for an online survey of all PFP IP pharmacists. Demographic data were analysed descriptively and scale scores (calculated from item scores for the 4 NPT constructs) were used for inferential analysis.
resultsThere was a 73% (88/120) response rate. Greater than 90% 'strongly agreed'/'agreed' to NoMAD items relating to most NPT constructs. However, responses to 'collective action' items were diverse with more participants answering 'neither agree nor disagree' or 'disagree'. A statistically significant difference in NPT construct scale scores with significant p-values (ranging from p < 0.001 to p = 0.033) was shown on all the NPT constructs for the variable 'On average, how often do you consult with patients under the PFP service?'.
conclusionThis theory-based work offers perspectives on IP integration within CP. Despite its geographic focus this work offers insights relevant to wider contexts on IP integration. It shows 'collective action' focused 'organisation' and 'group process' challenges with a need for further work on staff training, resource availability and utilisation, working relationships, communication and management.
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