ArticleAnnals of medicine2024
Global burden of liver cirrhosis 1990-2019 and 20 years forecast: results from the global burden of disease study 2019.
Article in Annals of medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Low-Dose vs. Standard Care Iv Human Albumin During Large-Volume Paracentesis in Patients With Liver Cirrhosis: A Systematic Review.Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver · 2026Pooled it
- Association between PNPLA3 rs738409 and susceptibility to etiology-specific liver cirrhosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC medical genomics · 2026Pooled it
- Exploring the global, regional, and Chinese disease burden of acute glomerulonephritis from 1990 to 2021 and future trends up to 2039 based on the 2021 Global Burden of Disease Database.International urology and nephrology · 2026Article
- Clinical Outcomes After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients With Cirrhosis: A Multicentre National Study.Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy: A comprehensive review of pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management.Medicine · 2026Review
- Transhepatic Gradients Reveal Selective Hepatic Processing Defects With Systemic Consequences in Cirrhosis.Comprehensive physiology · 2026Article
- Changing Patterns of Digestive Disease Mortality in Older Adults in Poland, 2000-2022: Age- and Sex-Specific Trends in Liver Disease Mortality.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Total Flavonoids of Litchi chinensis Sonn. Seed Improves Hepatic Fibrosis by Inhibiting PANoptosis.Chinese journal of integrative medicine · 2026Article
- Global, Regional, and National Burden of Caries Among Women of Childbearing Age From 1990 to 2021 and Prediction.International dental journal · 2026Article
- The Economic Impact of Cirrhosis and Other Chronic Liver Diseases on Global, Regional, and National Economies.Clinical and translational gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Global burden of liver cancer from 1990 to 2021 and 20-year projections: findings from the global burden of disease study 2021.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2026Article
- Transcriptomic Identification of Diagnostic Biomarkers for Alcohol-Associated Liver Cirrhosis: Integration of Population-Level Epidemiology with Multi-Cohort Transcriptomic Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Risk analysis of the association between lactate-to-hematocrit ratio and poor prognosis in critical patients with cirrhosis.Medicine · 2026Article
- Observational
- Trends in atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter and cirrhosis-related mortality in the United States from 1999 to 2020: a CDC WONDER analysis.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Review
- The global burden of non-communicable diseases attributable to behavioral risk factors and its trends from 1990 to 2021.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
- The three-decade trajectory of hepatitis C burden among women of reproductive age in China: a retrospective and predictive study.Virology journal · 2026Article
- The impact of hypoxia and glycolysis on liver fibrosis.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Ameliorative Effects of Lycopene and L-Carnitine on CClFood science & nutrition · 2026Article
- An analysis of the global, regional, and national burden of liver cirrhosis in older adults from 1990 to 2021.Medicine · 2026Article
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCirrhosis is a disease that imposes a heavy burden worldwide, but its incidence varies widely by region. Therefore, we analysed data on the incidence and mortality of cirrhosis in 204 countries and territories from 1990-2019 and projected the disease development from 2019-2039.
methodsData on the incidence and mortality of liver cirrhosis from 1990 to 2019 were acquired from the public Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. In addition, the average annual percentage change (AAPC) and estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) of the age-standardized rate (ASR) of cirrhosis in different regions were calculated. The estimates of risk factor exposure were summarized, and the proportion of causes and risk factors of liver cirrhosis and their relationship with the human development index (HDI) and socio-demographic index (SDI) were analysed. Trends in the incidence of cirrhosis in 2019-2039 were predicted using Nordpred and BAPC models.
resultsGlobally, the ASR of cirrhosis incidence decreased by 0.05% per year from 25.7/100,000 in 1990 to 25.3/100,000 in 2019. The mortality risk associated with cirrhosis is notably lower in females than in males (13 per 100,000 vs 25 per 100,000). The leading cause of cirrhosis shifted from hepatitis B to C. Globally, alcohol use increased by 14%. In line, alcohol use contributed to 49.3% of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and 48.4% of global deaths from liver cirrhosis. Countries with a low ASR in 1990 experienced a faster increase in cirrhosis, whereas in 2019, the opposite was observed. In countries with high SDI, the ASR of cirrhosis is generally lower. Finally, projections indicate that the number and incidence of cirrhosis will persistently rise from 2019-2039.
conclusionsCirrhosis poses an increasing health burden. Given the changing etiology, there is an imperative to strengthen the prevention of hepatitis C and alcohol consumption, to achieve early reduce the incidence of cirrhosis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.