ArticleAnnals of surgery2025
Resident Salary Compared With Living Wages at US Training Institutions.
Article in Annals of surgery, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Retirement Matching for Resident Physicians: Financial Modeling and Institutional Implications.The Permanente journal · 2026Article
- Factors Influencing Physicians' Perceived Compensation Satisfaction in China: Cross-Sectional Study.JMIR formative research · 2026Article
- Food Insecurity, Burnout, and Social Isolation Among Resident and Fellow Physicians.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Affording Childcare on a Surgical Resident's Salary.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Article
- Comparison of resident salary and living wage in Canada: a cross-sectional study.Canadian journal of surgery. Journal canadien de chirurgieArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo compare living wages and salaries at US residency programs.
backgroundIt is unknown how resident salary compares to living wages across the United States.
methodsCross-sectional analysis of publicly available resident salary affordability from training centers with postgraduate year (PGY)-1 through PGY-7 resident compensation for 2022-2023 was compared with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Living-Wage Calculator. Resident salary-to-living wage ratios were calculated using PGY-4 salary for each family composition. Univariate and multivariable analysis of PGY-4 salary affordability was performed, accounting for the proportion of expected living wages to taxes, transportation, housing, health care, childcare, and food, as well as unionization and state income tax.
resultsOne hundred eighteen residency programs, representing over 60% of US trainees, were included, 20 (17%) of which were unionized. Single-parent families were unable to earn a living wage until PGY-7. Residents with 1 child in 2-adult (single-income) and 2-adult (dual-income) families earn below living wages until PGY-5 and PGY-3, respectively. Residents with more than 1 child never earn a living wage. Multivariable regression analysis using PGY-4 salary: living wage ratios in single-child, 2-parent homes showed food expense and unionization status were consistent predictors of affordability. Unionization was associated with lower affordability prestipend, almost equivalent affordability poststipend, and lower affordability poststipend and union dues.
conclusionsResident salaries often preclude residents with children from earning a living wage. Unionization is not associated with increased resident affordability in this cross-sectional analysis. All annual reimbursement data should be centrally compiled, and additional stipends should be considered for residents with children.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.