ArticleJournal of the American College of Emergency Physicians open2024
Naloxone distribution programs in the emergency department: A scoping review of the literature.
Article in Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians open, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Part 4: Systems of Care: 2025 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care.Circulation · 2025Guideline
- Just the facts: identifying and managing opioid use disorder in the emergency department.CJEM · 2026Article
- A scoping review of emergency department take-home naloxone on patient and health outcomes.CJEM · 2026Article
- Beyond access: improving real-world naloxone use to address the opioid overdose epidemic.International journal of emergency medicine · 2026Article
- Implementation and sustainability of hospital-based harm reduction delivery: a qualitative analysis.Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
- Suicidal ideation, mental health services, and barriers to care among syringe services program clients who use opioids.PloS one · 2026Article
- Adapting the alcohol and alcohol problems perception questionnaire and the drug and drug problems perception questionnaire: A psychometric analysis of a person-centred approach.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2025Article
- Increasing take-home naloxone kit distribution to patients with substance use disorder before hospital discharge: a quality improvement project.BMJ open quality · 2025Article
- Valvular dysfunction and cardiovascular risk in individuals with opioid use disorder who are maintained on buprenorphine/naloxone: a focus on pan-immune-inflammation value and uric acid-to-albumin ratio.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Article
- Strategies for improving treatment retention for buprenorphine/naloxone for opioid use disorder: a qualitative study of issues and recommendations from prescribers.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2024Article
- Evaluation of an emergency department-based approach to reduce subsequent opioid overdoses.Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians open · 2024Article
- Fentanyl harm reduction strategies among Latinx communities in the United States: a scoping review.Harm reduction journal · 2024Article
- Naloxone distribution programs in the emergency department: A scoping review of the literature.Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians open · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
This scoping review summarized the literature regarding naloxone distribution from emergency departments (EDs) without a prescription. Our intention was to examine various naloxone distribution programs, their methodologies, and the level of effectiveness of each. Understanding these key aspects of naloxone distribution could lead to improved standardized protocols, saving countless additional lives from opioid overdose. This review evaluated studies reporting naloxone distribution from EDs in the United States. The included studies were written in English and published between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2022. Searches were performed using PubMed and Embase. A total of 129 studies were reviewed, with only 12 meeting the necessary criteria for analysis. Heterogeneity was found across naloxone distribution programs, including how patients were identified, how naloxone was dispensed to patients, and the specific naloxone products made available. The protocols included various methods, such as patient screening, where information used for this screening was sometimes obtained from health records or patient interviews. Some programs detailed only the distribution of naloxone, while others included additional interventions such as behavior counseling, peer support, and education. In four studies, patients received buprenorphine with naloxone kits. The various programs differed in their implementation but were generally successful in improving naloxone distribution. However, among the studies reviewed, the percentage of ED patients receiving naloxone varied from ∼30% to 70%, suggesting that certain program elements may be more impactful. Further research is needed to identify key elements of the most impactful programs in order to improve naloxone distribution and improve patient odds of surviving an opioid overdose.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.