Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38725546›Full record

ArticleHuman mutation2023

A likelihood ratio approach for utilizing case-control data in the clinical classification of rare sequence variants: application to

Maria Zanti, Denise G O'Mahony, Michael T Parsons, Hongyan Li, Joe Dennis, Kristiina Aittomäkkiki, Irene L Andrulis, Hoda Anton-Culver, Kristan J Aronson, Annelie Augustinsson and 116 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Human mutation, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

126 authors.

Maria ZantiBiostatistics Unit, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.
Denise G O'MahonyBiostatistics Unit, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.
Michael T ParsonsPopulation Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Hongyan LiCancer Control and Population Science, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Joe DennisCentre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Kristiina AittomäkkikiDepartment of Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Irene L AndrulisFred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Hoda Anton-CulverDepartment of Medicine, Genetic Epidemiology Research Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
Kristan J AronsonDepartment of Public Health Sciences, and Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
Annelie AugustinssonOncology, Department of Clinical Sciences in Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Heiko BecherInstitute for Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
Stig E BojesenCopenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.
Manjeet K BollaCentre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Hermann BrennerDivision of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
Melissa A BrownSchool of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Saundra S BuysDepartment of Internal Medicine and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Federico CanzianGenomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
Sandrine M CaputoService de Génétique, Institut Curie, Paris, France.
Jose E CastelaoOncology and Genetics Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IISGS), Xerencia de Xestion Integrada de Vigo-SERGAS, Vigo, Spain.
Jenny Chang-ClaudeDivision of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
GC-HBOC study Collaborators
Kamila CzeneDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Mary B DalyDepartment of Clinical Genetics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Arcangela De NicoloCenter for Omics Sciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
Peter DevileeDepartment of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
Thilo DörkGynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
Alison M DunningCentre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Miriam DwekSchool of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK.
Diana M EcclesFaculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
Christoph EngelInstitute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
D Gareth EvansDivision of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.
Peter A FaschingDepartment of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
Manuela Gago-DominguezGenomic Medicine Group, International Cancer Genetics and Epidemiology Group, Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
Montserrat García-ClosasDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA.
José A García-SáenzMedical Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.
Aleksandra Gentry-MaharajMRC Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Clinical Trials & Methodology, University College London, London, UK.
Willemina R R Geurts-GieleDepartment of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Graham G GilesCancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Gord GlendonFred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Mark S GoldbergDepartment of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
Encarna B Gómez GarciaDepartment of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
Melanie GüendertMolecular Epidemiology Group, C080, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
Pascal GuénelTeam 'Exposome and Heredity', CESP, Gustave Roussy, INSERM, University Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Villejuif, France.
Eric HahnenCenter for Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Christopher A HaimanDepartment of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Per HallDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Ute HamannMolecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
Elaine F HarknessDivision of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.
Frans B L HogervorstFamily Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Antoinette HollestelleDepartment of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Reiner HoppeDr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.
John L HopperCentre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Claude HoudayerDepartment of Genetics, F76000 and Normandy University, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France.
Richard S HoulstonDivision of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
Anthony HowellDivision of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
ABCTB Investigators
Milena JakimovskaResearch Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology 'Georgi D. Efremov', MASA, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia.
Anna JakubowskaDepartment of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
Helena JernströmOncology, Department of Clinical Sciences in Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Esther M JohnDepartment of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Rudolf KaaksDivision of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
Cari M KitaharaRadiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Stella KoutrosDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Peter KraftProgram in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Vessela N KristensenDepartment of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
James V LaceyDepartment of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.
Diether LambrechtsLaboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Melanie LéonéGenetic and Cancer Medical Laboratory HCL-CLB, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France.
Annika LindblomDepartment of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Jan LubińskiDepartment of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
Michael LushCentre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Arto MannermaaTranslational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Mehdi ManoochehriMolecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
Siranoush ManoukianUnit of Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy.
Sara MargolinDepartment of Oncology, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden.
Maria Elena MartinezMoores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Usha MenonMRC Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Clinical Trials & Methodology, University College London, London, UK.
Roger L MilneCancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Alvaro N MonteiroDepartment of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA.
Rachel A MurphySchool of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Susan L NeuhausenDepartment of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.
Heli NevanlinnaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
William G NewmanDivision of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.
Kenneth OffitClinical Genetics Research Lab, Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
Sue K ParkDepartment of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Paul JamesSir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Paolo PeterlongoGenome Diagnostics Program, IFOM - ETS the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy.
Julian PetoDepartment of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
Dijana Plaseska-KaranfilskaResearch Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology 'Georgi D. Efremov', MASA, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia.
Kevin PunieDepartment of General Medical Oncology and Multidisciplinary Breast Centre, Leuven Cancer Institute and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Paolo RadiceUnit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy.
Muhammad U RashidMolecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
Gad RennertClalit National Cancer Control Center, Carmel Medical Center and Technion Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel.
Atocha RomeroMedical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain.
Efraim H RosenbergDepartment of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Emmanouil SaloustrosDepartment of Oncology, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece.
Dale P SandlerEpidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
Marjanka K SchmidtDivision of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Rita K SchmutzlerCenter for Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Xiao-Ou ShuDivision of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
Jacques SimardGenomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, QC, Canada.
Melissa C SoutheyCancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Jennifer StoneCentre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Dominique Stoppa-LyonnetService de Génétique, Institut Curie, Paris, France.
Rulla M TamimiDepartment of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
William J TapperFaculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
Jack A TaylorEpidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
Soo Hwang TeoBreast Cancer Research Programme, Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
Lauren R TerasDepartment of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Mary Beth TerryDepartment of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
Mads ThomassenDepartment of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odence C, Denmark.
Melissa A TroesterDepartment of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health and UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Celine M VachonDepartment of Quantitative Health Sciences, Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
Ana VegaCentro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain.
Maaike P G VreeswijkDepartment of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
Qin WangCentre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Barbara WappenschmidtCenter for Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Clarice R WeinbergBiostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
Alicja WolkInstitute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Wei ZhengDivision of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
Bingjian FengDepartment of Dermatology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Fergus J CouchDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
Amanda B SpurdlePopulation Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Douglas F EastonCentre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
David E GoldgarDepartment of Dermatology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Kyriaki MichailidouBiostatistics Unit, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.

Funding

X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHYP30CA008748 · NCI · SLOAN-KETTERING INSTITUTE FOR CANCER RES · PI Hongbiao Carl Lekaye · 1985 to 2026
$347.4M
Tumor Immunology and Microenvironment Research ProgramP30CA068485 · NCI · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI STACIE B DUSETZINA · 1995 to 2026
$172.8M
VIRAL MALIGNANCYP30CA023100 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI Jesse Nodora · 1985 to 2026
$124.9M
Transgenic Mouse FacilityP30CA033572 · NCI · CITY OF HOPE/BECKMAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI XIWEI WU · 1985 to 2026
$86.3M
Statistical MethodsP01CA087969 · NCI · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI ROSNER, BERNARD A · 2000 to 2019
$77.8M
Tissue Procurement & PathologyP50CA058223 · NCI · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI CHARLES M PEROU · 1992 to 2026
$59.3M
The Role of CHFR in Tumorigenesis and Paclitaxel-Sensitivity in Breast CancerP50CA116201 · NCI · MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER · PI Fergus Joseph Couch · 2005 to 2026
$49.9M
Understanding Population Differences in Cancer: The MEC StudyU01CA164973 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII AT MANOA · PI HAIMAN, CHRISTOPHER ALAN, LE MARCHAND, LOIC · 2015 to 2025
$37.4M
UNC-CH CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH &SUSCEPTIBILITYP30ES010126 · NIEHS · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI Stephanie Engel · 2001 to 2026
$36.3M
CALIFORNIA TEACHERS STUDYR01CA077398 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI BERNSTEIN, LESLIE · 1998 to 2014
$29.7M
GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY TO CANCER IN MULTIETHNIC COHORTSR01CA063464 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI HENDERSON, BRIAN E · 2001 to 2005
$23.2M
Multiethnic Cohort Study of Diet and CancerR37CA054281 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII AT MANOA · PI KOLONEL, LAURENCE N. · 2003 to 2012
$23.2M
Intramural NIH HHS Z01 CP010119Intramural NIH HHS Z01 ES044005Intramural NIH HHS Z01 ES049030Intramural NIH HHS Z01 ES049033Medical Research Council G1000143Medical Research Council MR/M012190/1NCCDPHP CDC HHS NU58DP006344NCI NIH HHS HHSN261201800009CNCI NIH HHS HHSN261201800009INCI NIH HHS HHSN261201800015CNCI NIH HHS HHSN261201800015INCI NIH HHS HHSN261201800032CNCI NIH HHS HHSN261201800032INCI NIH HHS K07 CA092044NCI NIH HHS P01 CA087969NCI NIH HHS P30 CA008748NCI NIH HHS P30 CA023100NCI NIH HHS P30 CA033572NCI NIH HHS P30 CA068485NCI NIH HHS P50 CA058223NCI NIH HHS P50 CA116201NCI NIH HHS R01 CA054281NCI NIH HHS R01 CA058860NCI NIH HHS R01 CA063464NCI NIH HHS R01 CA077398NCI NIH HHS R01 CA097396NCI NIH HHS R01 CA100374NCI NIH HHS R01 CA116167NCI NIH HHS R01 CA128931NCI NIH HHS R01 CA128978NCI NIH HHS R01 CA132839NCI NIH HHS R01 CA140286NCI NIH HHS R01 CA176785NCI NIH HHS R01 CA177150NCI NIH HHS R01 CA192393NCI NIH HHS R35 CA253187NCI NIH HHS R37 CA054281NCI NIH HHS U01 CA058860NCI NIH HHS U01 CA063464NCI NIH HHS U01 CA098758NCI NIH HHS U01 CA164920NCI NIH HHS U01 CA164973NCI NIH HHS U01 CA176726NCI NIH HHS U01 CA179715NCI NIH HHS U01 CA199277NCI NIH HHS U19 CA148065NCI NIH HHS U19 CA148112NCI NIH HHS U19 CA148537NCI NIH HHS U54 CA156733NCI NIH HHS UM1 CA164917NCI NIH HHS UM1 CA164920NCI NIH HHS UM1 CA164973NCI NIH HHS UM1 CA176726NCI NIH HHS UM1 CA186107NIEHS NIH HHS P30 ES010126
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A large number of variants identified through clinical genetic testing in disease susceptibility genes, are of uncertain significance (VUS). Following the recommendations of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) and Association for Molecular Pathology (AMP), the frequency in case-control datasets (PS4 criterion), can inform their interpretation. We present a novel case-control likelihood ratio-based method that incorporates gene-specific age-related penetrance. We demonstrate the utility of this method in the analysis of simulated and real datasets. In the analyses of simulated data, the likelihood ratio method was more powerful compared to other methods. Likelihood ratios were calculated for a case-control dataset of

Indexed as

BRCA1 ProteinBRCA2 ProteinBreast NeoplasmsGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseCase-Control StudiesFemaleGenetic TestingGenetic VariationHumansLikelihood FunctionsPenetranceBRCA1 ProteinBRCA1 protein, humanBRCA2 ProteinBRCA2 protein, humanACMG/AMPBRCAcase-controllikelihood ratioPS4variant classificationVUS

Identifiers

PMID38725546
PMCPMC11080979

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.