ArticleBMJ open respiratory research2024
Psychometric analysis of the modified COVID-19 Yorkshire Rehabilitation Scale (C19-YRSm) in a prospective multicentre study.
Article in BMJ open respiratory research, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Patient-reported outcome measures for post-COVID-19 condition: a systematic review of instruments and measurement properties.BMJ open · 2024Pooled it
- Impact of long COVID on diverse Australian populations: a multi-site, longitudinal prospective cohort study protocol.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Large-Scale Psychometric Assessment and Validation of the Modified COVID-19 Yorkshire Rehabilitation Scale Patient-Reported Outcome Measure for Long COVID or Post-COVID Syndrome.Journal of medical virology · 2026Article
- Take charge after long COVID: a mixed methods randomised controlled pilot study protocol.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- Evaluation of the Content Validity of the COVID-19 Symptoms Daily Diary.Patient related outcome measures · 2025Article
- Health-Related Quality of Life in Long COVID: Mapping the Condition-Specific C19-YRSm Measure Onto the EQ-5D-5L.Patient related outcome measures · 2025Article
- A Personalised Pacing and Active Rest Rehabilitation Programme for Post-Exertional Symptom Exacerbation and Health Status in Long COVID (PACELOC): A Prospective Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- How Long Is Long COVID? Evaluation of Long-Term Health Status in Individuals Discharged from a Specialist Community Long COVID Service.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Postacute Sequelae of COVID (PASC or Long COVID): An Evidenced-Based Approach.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Review
- Improving quality in adult long covid services: Findings from the LOCOMOTION quality improvement collaborative.Clinical medicine (London, England) · 2024Article
- The EQ-5D-5L and Minimal Important Change in Long COVID.Advances in rehabilitation science and practiceArticle
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLong COVID (LC) is a novel multisystem clinical syndrome affecting millions of individuals worldwide. The modified COVID-19 Yorkshire Rehabilitation Scale (C19-YRSm) is a condition-specific patient-reported outcome measure designed for assessment and monitoring of people with LC.
objectivesTo evaluate the psychometric properties of the C19-YRSm in a prospective sample of people with LC.
methods1314 patients attending 10 UK specialist LC clinics completed C19-YRSm and EuroQol 5D-5L (EQ-5D-5L) longitudinally. Scale characteristics were derived for C19-YRSm subscales (Symptom Severity (SS), Functional Disability (FD) and Overall Health (OH)) and internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha). Convergent validity was assessed using the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT)-Fatigue Scale. Known groups validity was assessed for the Other Symptoms subscale as tertiles, as well as by hospitalisation and intensive care admission. Responsiveness and test-retest reliability was evaluated for C19-YRSm subscales and EQ-5D-5L. The minimal important difference (MID) and minimal clinically important difference (MCID) were estimated. Confirmatory factor analysis was applied to determine the instrument's two-factor structure.
resultsC19-YRSm demonstrated good scale characteristic properties. Item-total correlations were between 0.37 and 0.65 (for SS and FD), with good internal reliability (Cronbach's alphas>0.8). Item correlations between subscales ranged between 0.46 and 0.72. Convergent validity with FACIT was good (-0.46 to -0.62). The three subscales discriminated between different levels of symptom burden (p<0.001) and between patients admitted to hospital and intensive care. There was moderate responsiveness for the three subscales ranging from 0.22 (OH) to 0.50 (SS) which was greater than for the EQ-5D-5L. Test-retest reliability was good for both SS 0.86 and FD 0.78. MID was 2 for SS, 2 for FD and 1 for OH; MCID was 4 for both the SS and FD. The factor analysis supported the two-factor SS and FD structure.
conclusionsThe C19-YRSm is a condition-specific, reliable, valid and responsive patient-reported outcome measure for LC.
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