ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2024
Humoral Correlates of Protection Against Influenza A/H3N2 Virus Infection.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trial
- Early circulation of influenza A(H3N2) subclade K: antigenic drift and vaccine effectiveness.Osong public health and research perspectives · 2026Article
- Hemagglutination Inhibition and Alternate Serologic Responses Following Influenza A(H3N2) Virus Infection.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2026Article
- Hemagglutination inhibition and alternate serologic responses following Influenza A(H3N2) virus infection.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Meeting Report: Fourth Correlates of Protection for Next Generation Influenza Vaccines.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2026Article
- Anti-neuraminidase and anti-HA stalk antibodies reduce the susceptibility to and infectivity of influenza A/H3N2 virus.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Increased dose of H1N1 pandemic influenza vaccine during pregnancy improves immunity in mothers and infants.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Molecular divergence and convergence of mammalian antibody responses to the influenza virus hemagglutinin stem.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Binding antibody titers against the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase correlate with protection against medically attended influenza A and B disease.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Immune history shapes human antibody responses to H5N1 influenza viruses.Nature medicine · 2025Article
- Predicting airway immune responses and protection from immune parameters in blood following immunization in a pig influenza model.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundInfluenza virus remains a threat to human health, but gaps remain in our knowledge of the humoral correlates of protection against influenza virus A/H3N2, limiting our ability to generate effective, broadly protective vaccines. The role of antibodies against the hemagglutinin (HA) stalk, a highly conserved but immunologically subdominant region, has not been established for influenza virus A/H3N2.
methodsHousehold transmission studies were conducted in Managua, Nicaragua, across 3 influenza seasons. Household contacts were tested for influenza virus infection using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. We compared preexisting antibody levels against full-length HA, HA stalk, and neuraminidase (NA) measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, along with hemagglutination inhibition assay titers, between infected and uninfected participants.
resultsA total of 899 individuals participated in household activation, with 329 infections occurring. A 4-fold increase in initial HA stalk titers was independently associated with an 18% decrease in the risk of infection (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.82 [95% confidence interval {CI}, .68-.98]; P = .04). In adults, anti-HA stalk antibodies were independently associated with protection (aOR, 0.72 [95% CI, .54-.95]; P = .02). However, in 0- to 14-year-olds, anti-NA antibodies (aOR, 0.67 [95% CI, .53-.85]; P < .01) were associated with protection against infection, but anti-HA stalk antibodies were not.
conclusionsThe HA stalk is an independent correlate of protection against A/H3N2 infection, though this association is age dependent. Our results support the continued exploration of the HA stalk as a target for broadly protective influenza vaccines but suggest that the relative benefits may depend on age and influenza virus exposure history.
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