ArticleSpine deformity2024
Variation in thoracic inlet measurements and its correlation with pulmonary dysfunction in kyphoscoliotic deformities: a prospective case-control study.
Article in Spine deformity, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Ultrasonographic evaluation of diaphragmatic thickness in adolescents with thoracic hyperkyphosis: new horizons in diagnosis.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2026Article
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Abstract
backgroundPulmonary dysfunction in thoracic kyphoscoliosis has been correlated with chest wall distortion, uneven trunk growth and restrictive pattern. The study aims to analyse the variation in thoracic inlet measurements on pulmonary dysfunction with varying curve magnitude and thoracic cage parameters.
methodsIn a non-randomised, prospective case-control study, 80 consecutive patients with thoracic kyphoscoliosis were divided into 3 groups based on Cobb angle: Group 1 (31-50), Group 2 (51-80) and Group 3 (> 80). Thoracic inlet measurement was calculated by thoracic inlet index (TI) on MRI at the sternal level. Pulmonary function and thoracic cage parameters [hemi thorax height, rib-apex distance, AP chest diameter at sternal level and transverse thoracic diameter] were documented. TI values were compared with 20 age-matched asymptomatic controls. Multivariate correlation and regression analysis were performed to investigate the correlations.
resultsThe mean age of the study cohort was 14.1 ± 4.4 years, including Group 1 (6 patients), Group 2 (55 patients) and Group 3 (19 patients) versus 12.9 ± 2.2 years in controls. The mean TI was 2.8 ± 0.56 in Group 1, 3.7 ± 0.9 in Group 2 and 4.0 ± 1.12 in Group 3 versus 2.6 ± 0.43 in controls. Pulmonary dysfunction was severe with TI > 7.1 (p < 0.001) in Group 3 patients with thoracic hypokyphosis. Multivariate regression for thoracic parameters and TI > 5.6 showed significant correlation of pulmonary dysfunction in Group 2 and 3 curves with apex between T1 and T4, whereas transverse thoracic diameter, rib-apex distance and hemi thorax height were weakly associated.
conclusionThoracic inlet index (TI), a neglected pre-operative variable associated with pulmonary dysfunction in thoracic kyphoscoliosis, can be evaluated on MRI without an additional cost and radiation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3:
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