ArticleMultiple sclerosis journal - experimental, translational and clinical
Clinical outcomes after use of checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapies in people with multiple sclerosis.
Article in Multiple sclerosis journal - experimental, translational and clinical. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Do immune checkpoint inhibitors affect the course of multiple sclerosis? A systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Combining Pembrolizumab and Ofatumumab in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer and Multiple Sclerosis: A Case Report.Surgical case reports · 2026Article
- Therapeutic advances in multiple sclerosis: Novel therapies (immune checkpoint inhibitors, CAR-T, Anti-CD40L).Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2025Review
- Reporting patterns of multiple sclerosis with immune checkpoint inhibitors: analysis of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2025Article
- Outcomes in patients with multiple sclerosis and solid organ cancers treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.Neuro-oncology advancesArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) represent a novel class of agents approved for the treatment of several cancers and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). However, due to the risk of autoimmune side effects, their use in people with autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) has been limited. Objective: To characterize outcomes in a cohort of adults with MS who received ICIs. Methods: A single-center retrospective review of medical record data was performed for people with MS treated with ICIs. Results: Seven people with MS were identified, with a mean (SD) age at ICI use of 55.4 (13.7) years and a mean MS duration of 18.2 (12.2) years. Six were treated for cancer; 1 was treated for PML. After mean (SD) follow-up of 1.76 (2.15) years after ICI, outcomes are: no evidence of disease (2), residual metastatic disease (1), death due to cancer (1), death due to PML (1), and lost to follow-up (2). Notably, 0 out of 7 patients experienced an MS relapse; two out of six had new asymptomatic demyelinating magnetic resonance imaging lesions. In the three patients with expanded disability status scale (EDSS) scores at baseline and follow-up, EDSS remained stable (mean delta 0.13). Conclusion: In this cohort, no people with MS experienced clinical relapses and one-third experienced asymptomatic radiological activity following ICI treatment.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.