ArticleJournal of the American College of Emergency Physicians open2024
A rapid host-protein test for differentiating bacterial from viral infection: Apollo diagnostic accuracy study.
Article in Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians open, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Diagnostic accuracy of MMBV in predicting bacterial infection in febrile children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2026Pooled it
- Effect of host-protein test (TRAIL/IP-10/CRP) on antibiotic prescription and emergency department or urgent care center return visits: The JUNO pilot randomized controlled trial.Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine · 2025Trial
- Antibiotic prescribing that aligns with a host-protein test at US acute care settings is associated with fewer subsequent hospitalisations.BMJ open quality · 2026Article
- Rapid Diagnostics for Distinguishing Bacterial and Viral Infections: A Review of Technologies, Clinical Utility, and Stewardship Implications.Biosensors · 2026Review
- Diagnostic Performance of the MeMed BV Test to Distinguish Between Bacterial and Viral or Other Non-Bacterial Causes Amongst ED and Urgent Care Patients: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Can a host-response bacterial-viral classifier safely guide antibiotic avoidance in COVID-19? A diagnostic accuracy study in hospitalized adults.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2026Article
- Clinical utility of a host-protein test for suspected infection in the pediatric emergency department: a pragmatic pre-/post-implementation study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Clinical validation of an AI-based blood testing device for diagnosis and prognosis of acute infection and sepsis.Nature medicine · 2025Observational
- Real-World Study Assessing Sensitivity and Clinical Utility of a Host-Protein Test in Adult Emergency Department Patients With Blood Culture Ordered.Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians open · 2025Article
- A Host-Protein Test for Differentiating Bacterial From Viral Infection: Diagnostic Accuracy in Elderly Patients.Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians open · 2025Article
- Real-World Utility of the Host-Response MeMed BV Test in a Pediatric Emergency Department: A Non-Randomized Study with Optimized Antimicrobial and Diagnostic Stewardship.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Development of a Reference Standard to Assign Bacterial Versus Viral Infection Etiology Using an All-inclusive Methodology for Comparison of Novel Diagnostic Tool Performance.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Article
- Validation of a Rapid Host-Protein Score to Discriminate Bacterial from Viral Infections in Hospitalized Febrile Pediatric Patients.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Model-based cost-impact analysis of a diagnostic test for patients with community-acquired pneumonia in Canada.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Article
- Host-response testing with MeMed BV in community-acquired pneumonia: an economic evaluation from the UK NHS perspective.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2025Article
- TRAIL-mediated armA upregulation enhances the drug resistance ofAmerican journal of translational research · 2025Article
- Host gene expression in the Nasopharynx can discriminate microbiologically confirmed viral and bacterial lower respiratory tract infection.Journal of clinical and translational science · 2025Article
- Diagnostic power of LIAISON MeMed VB® for bacterial infection in adults patients seen in Emergency Departments due to infections.Revista espanola de quimioterapia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia · 2024Observational
- Review: Diagnostic Potential for Collaborative Pharyngitis Biomarkers.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
22 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Objectives: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of a rapid host-protein test for differentiating bacterial from viral infections in patients who presented to the emergency department (ED) or urgent care center (UCC). Methods: This was a prospective multicenter, blinded study. MeMed BV (MMBV), a test based on tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), interferon gamma-inducible protein-10 (IP-10), and C-reactive protein (CRP), was measured using a rapid measurement platform. Patients were enrolled from 9 EDs and 3 UCCs in the United States and Israel. Patients >3 months of age presenting with fever and clinical suspicion of acute infection were considered eligible. MMBV results were not provided to the treating clinician. MMBV results (bacterial/viral/equivocal) were compared against a reference standard method for classification of infection etiology determined by expert panel adjudication. Experts were blinded to MMBV results. They were provided with comprehensive patient data, including laboratory, microbiological, radiological and follow-up. Results: Of 563 adults and children enrolled, 476 comprised the study population (314 adults, 162 children). The predominant clinical syndrome was respiratory tract infection (60.5% upper, 11.3% lower). MMBV demonstrated sensitivity of 90.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 80.3-99.7), specificity of 92.8% (90.0%-95.5%), and negative predictive value of 98.8% (96.8%-99.6%) for bacterial infections. Only 7.2% of cases yielded equivocal MMBV scores. Area under the curve for MMBV was 0.95 (0.90-0.99). Conclusions: MMBV had a high sensitivity and specificity relative to reference standard for differentiating bacterial from viral infections. Future implementation of MMBV for patients with suspected acute infections could potentially aid with appropriate antibiotic decision-making.
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Registered trials
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