ArticleJournal of autism and developmental disorders2025
A Longitudinal Analysis of Mothers' Parenting Stress and Internalizing and Externalizing Behavior of Young Children on the Autism Spectrum.
Article in Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Who benefits most? A randomized controlled trial for Parent-implemented social communication intervention for chinese-speaking autistic preschoolers.Molecular autism · 2026Trial
- Cultural Adaptation of RUBI Intervention with Korean Families (K-RUBI): A Mixed Method Study.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Trial
- The Associated Factors of Parenting Stress Among Caregivers of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders in Lianyungang, Eastern China: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- The Impact of "Harmful Behaviours" on Parents of Autistic Children.Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2026Article
- The Role of Peer Victimisation and Parental Mental Health in Internalising Problems: Examining Bidirectional Relationships Across Childhood and Adolescence in Autistic Youth.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- How Might Comorbid Conditions Co-occurring With Child Autism Impact Parenting Stress?Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- Telehealth-Based Parent-Mediated Pivotal Response Treatment for Preschool Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Study.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- Cross-cultural associations between behavioural, emotional, and cognitive differences in autistic children and parental wellbeing: evidence from five countries.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We investigated longitudinal relations between internalizing, externalizing, and total behaviors that challenge in young children on the autism spectrum and mothers' parenting stress. Participants included 93 mothers of children on the autism spectrum aged 27.89-65.84 months, who completed questionnaires on maternal parenting stress, and children's internalizing (anxiety), externalizing (disruptive), and total behaviors that challenge. Data were collected on early intervention program intake and approximately one year later. Cross-sectional findings indicated small to medium effect size associations between internalizing and externalizing behavior and parenting stress. However, cross-lagged structural equation models found that neither internalizing nor externalizing behavior predicted later parenting stress, nor the reverse. Significant stability effects were found for measures of child internalizing (anxiety), externalizing (disruptive), and total behaviors, and parenting stress. Relations between behaviors that challenge and parenting stress over time were non-significant in our models that controlled for stability of behaviors and parenting stress over time. Implications for research and clinical practice, in understanding and targeting the persistence of behaviors that challenge and parenting stress, are discussed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.