ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2024
Outer Retinal Thickness Is Associated With Cognitive Function in Normal Aging to Intermediate Age-Related Macular Degeneration.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Retinal and Choroidal Vascular Metrics Predict Cerebral Atrophy and Cognitive Impairment in Noninfarcted Large Artery Stenosis.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Unveiling the Physiological Correlates of Cognitive Function in Healthy Adults: An In-Depth Investigation Using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT).Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Assessing outer retinal and choroidal changes in scd: potential for high-risk screening using SS-OCTA.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Total Retinal Pigment Epithelium Thickness and Reflectivity, in Relation to Histology and Vision, at the Aging-AMD Transition: ALSTAR2 Baseline.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Effects of vision impairment on cognitive function: the bidirectional chain mediating role of sleep quality and psychological disorders.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Outer Retinal Thinning is Associated With Brain Atrophy in Early Age-Related Macular Degeneration.American journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Band Visibility in High-Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography Assessed With a Custom Review Tool and Updated, Histology-Derived Nomenclature.Translational vision science & technology · 2024Article
- Association of outer retinal and choroidal alterations with neuroimaging and clinical features in posterior cortical atrophy.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2024Article
- Altered Elastin Turnover, Immune Response, and Age-Related Retinal Thinning in a Transgenic Mouse Model With RPE-Specific HTRA1 Overexpression.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Purpose: Research on Alzheimer's disease (AD) and precursor states demonstrates a thinner retinal nerve fiber layer (NFL) compared to age-similar controls. Because AD and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) both impact older adults and share risk factors, we asked if retinal layer thicknesses, including NFL, are associated with cognition in AMD. Methods: Adults ≥ 70 years with normal retinal aging, early AMD, or intermediate AMD per Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) nine-step grading of color fundus photography were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) volumes underwent 11-line segmentation and adjustments by a trained operator. Evaluated thicknesses reflect the vertical organization of retinal neurons and two vascular watersheds: NFL, ganglion cell layer-inner plexiform layer complex (GCL-IPL), inner retina, outer retina (including retinal pigment epithelium-Bruch's membrane), and total retina. Thicknesses were area weighted to achieve mean thickness across the 6-mm-diameter Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) grid. Cognitive status was assessed by the National Institutes of Health Toolbox cognitive battery for fluid and crystallized cognition. Correlations estimated associations between cognition and thicknesses, adjusting for age. Results: Based on 63 subjects (21 per group), thinning of the outer retina was significantly correlated with lower cognition scores (P < 0.05). No other retinal thickness variables were associated with cognition. Conclusions: Only the outer retina (photoreceptors, supporting glia, retinal pigment epithelium, Bruch's membrane) is associated with cognition in aging to intermediate AMD; NFL was not associated with cognition, contrary to AD-associated condition reports. Early and intermediate AMD constitute a retinal disease whose earliest, primary impact is in the outer retina. Our findings hint at a unique impact on the brain from the outer retina in persons with AMD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.