ArticleHIV medicine2024
The prevalence of major depressive disorder in people with HIV: Results from the All of Us Research Program.
Article in HIV medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Associations Between Depressive Symptoms and Memory Functions in Persons with HIV: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Neuropsychology review · 2026Pooled it
- Quality of life, depression and sexual function in men living with HIV under effective antiretroviral therapy compared with healthy controls.Patient related outcome measures · 2026Article
- Real-World Persistence in Adults with HIV and Mental Health or Substance Use Disorders After Restarting Antiretroviral Therapy in the United States.Advances in therapy · 2025Observational
- Leveraging Electronic Health Records and Claims Data to Improve HIV and Comorbidity Care Trajectories: A Scoping Review.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2025Article
- Psychosocial Factors Linked to Uncontrolled Infection and Mortality among People Living with HIV Who Use Substances: A Latent Class Analysis.AIDS and behavior · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesThe All of Us (AoU) Research Program is a national-scale effort to build a dataset to help transform the future of health research by equipping researchers with comprehensive health data from diverse populations, especially those underrepresented in biomedical research. Our objectives were to evaluate the burden of HIV and major depressive disorder (MDD) in underrepresented groups and the frequency of the HIV/MDD comorbidity.
methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional analysis combining collected survey and electronic health record (EHR) data. We ascertained HIV and MDD cases using Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership codes. We used multivariable logistic regression to obtain the odds ratio of HIV in AoU participants and MDD in AoU participants with HIV.
resultsThe latest AoU data release includes 412 211 participants: 254 700 have at least one medical condition concept in their EHR, of whom 5193 (1.3%) had HIV, and 2238 (43%) of those with HIV had a diagnosis of MDD. Black AoU participants had approximately 4.58 times the odds of having an HIV diagnosis compared with the combined odds of all other racial groups. AoU participants with HIV were more likely to have MDD (p = 0.001) than were participants without HIV.
conclusionAmong AoU participants, Black individuals have a disproportionately high burden of HIV, pointing to underlying factors such as social determinants of health, limited access to healthcare or prevention resources, and potential systemic biases that contribute to these differences. In addition, HIV is a risk factor for mental health issues like MDD. Further data collection from people with HIV will elucidate contributing factors and the need for interventions.
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