ReviewMolecular cancer2024
Modulation of the tumor microenvironment and mechanism of immunotherapy-based drug resistance in breast cancer.
Review in Molecular cancer, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 172 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
172 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A Systematic Review of Immune Cell Roles in Breast Cancer Immunotherapy.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2025Pooled it
- Driving innovations in cancer research through spatial metabolomics: a bibliometric review of trends and hotspot.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Longitudinal tissue analysis reveals microenvironmental changes correlate with combined immunotherapy and targeted therapy response in metastatic breast cancer.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Trial
- Biomimetic co-delivery nanoplatform overcomes CAF- and TAM-induced immunosuppression to augment therapeutic efficacy against triple-negative breast cancer.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2026Article
- DHX15 as a novel immune-related prognostic biomarker in breast cancer: An integrated bioinformatics analysis withOncology letters · 2026Article
- Targeting the tumor microenvironment: a new strategy for natural products in breast cancer therapy.Natural products and bioprospecting · 2026Review
- Neuroimmune interactions: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic targets.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Multidimensional molecular mechanisms of drug resistance in breast cancer: Implications for clinical decision‑making and treatment strategies (Review).Oncology reports · 2026Review
- Heterogeneous Expression of TREM2 And STAB1 Among Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Clear-Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma.Acta histochemica et cytochemica · 2026Article
- RNF research trends and an RNF43-based prognostic model for colorectal cancer with immune microenvironment analysis.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- THBS2: the key hub linking breast cancer stroma, immunity, and therapeutic response.Clinical & experimental metastasis · 2026Review
- Rewiring the Molecular Interplay of CDK4/6 Inhibitors in Lung Cancer: From Cell Cycle Control to Immune Microenvironment Remodeling.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- APOEScience advances · 2026Article
- Cancer drug response and resistance: molecular mechanisms and combating strategies.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Targeting tryptophan metabolism in breast cancer immunotherapy: Recent advances and future prospects.Translational oncology · 2026Review
- Myosin VI drives breast cancer progression via SP1/CA9-mediated acidic tumor microenvironment remodeling and subsequent M2 macrophage polarization.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Breast Cancer: Epidemiology, Molecular Classification, Diagnostics and Evolving Treatment Paradigms.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Multi-regional Organoid Biobank Reveals FAK-ACSL1-Driven Doxorubicin-Resistance and Predictive Biomarkers in Breast Cancer.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Integrin-mediated mechanotransduction in the tumor microenvironment: macrophage-centered signaling mechanisms and immune remodeling.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Review
112 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Breast cancer, the most frequent female malignancy, is often curable when detected at an early stage. The treatment of metastatic breast cancer is more challenging and may be unresponsive to conventional therapy. Immunotherapy is crucial for treating metastatic breast cancer, but its resistance is a major limitation. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is vital in modulating the immunotherapy response. Various tumor microenvironmental components, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), are involved in TME modulation to cause immunotherapy resistance. This review highlights the role of stromal cells in modulating the breast tumor microenvironment, including the involvement of CAF-TAM interaction, alteration of tumor metabolism leading to immunotherapy failure, and other latest strategies, including high throughput genomic screening, single-cell and spatial omics techniques for identifying tumor immune genes regulating immunotherapy response. This review emphasizes the therapeutic approach to overcome breast cancer immune resistance through CAF reprogramming, modulation of TAM polarization, tumor metabolism, and genomic alterations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.