Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38714956›Full record

ArticleBMC pediatrics2024

Prospective measurement of the width of cerebrospinal fluid spaces by cranial ultrasound in neurologically healthy children aged 0-19 months.

Jozef Fandak, Stefan Markart, Erik P Willems, Simon Wildermuth, Thomas Frauenfelder, Tim Fischer, Tobias J Dietrich, Stephan L Waelti

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC pediatrics, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Ultrasonographic assessment of subarachnoid space width in healthy infants aged 0-3 months: normative data and associations with anthropometric parameters.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2026
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  3. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Jozef FandakDepartment of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Children's Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, St. Gallen, 9006, Switzerland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4659-0005
Stefan MarkartDepartment of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Children's Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, St. Gallen, 9006, Switzerland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3220-3545
Erik P WillemsClinical Trials Unit, Biostatistics, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7555-3484
Simon WildermuthDepartment of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3278-4335
Thomas FrauenfelderDepartment of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Tim FischerDepartment of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1807-9146
Tobias J DietrichDepartment of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2979-6471
Stephan L WaeltiDepartment of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Children's Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, St. Gallen, 9006, Switzerland. stephan.waelti@kssg.ch.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4175-0476

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundUltrasound (US) is often the first method used to look for brain or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) space pathologies. Knowledge of normal CSF width values is essential. Most of the available US normative values were established over 20 years ago, were obtained with older equipment, and cover only part of the age spectrum that can be examined by cranial US. This prospective study aimed to determine the normative values of the widths of the subarachnoid and internal CSF spaces (craniocortical, minimal and maximal interhemispheric, interventricular, and frontal horn) for high-resolution linear US probes in neurologically healthy infants and children aged 0-19 months and assess whether subdural fluid collections can be delineated.

methodsTwo radiologists measured the width of the CSF spaces with a conventional linear probe and an ultralight hockey-stick probe in neurologically healthy children not referred for cranial or spinal US.

resultsThis study included 359 neurologically healthy children (n

conclusionNormative values for the widths of the subarachnoid space and the internal CSF spaces are useful for evaluating intracranial pathology, especially when determining whether an increase in the subarachnoid space width is abnormal.

Indexed as

Subarachnoid SpaceUltrasonographyCerebrospinal FluidFemaleHumansInfantInfant, NewbornMaleProspective StudiesReference ValuesBenign enlargement of the subarachnoid space (BESS)ChildrenCranial ultrasoundInfantsSubarachnoid spaceVentricular width

Identifiers

PMID38714956
PMCPMC11075241

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.