ArticleLeukemia2024
Improved CAR-T cell activity associated with increased mitochondrial function primed by galactose.
Article in Leukemia, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Metabolic exhaustion and immune ageing in rheumatoid arthritis.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2026Review
- Changes in the Metabolism of GD2-Specific Murine CAR-T Cells After Co-Culturing with Melanoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Single-cell multi-omic analysis of mitochondrial mutational mosaicism and dynamics.Nature communications · 2026Article
- CD79A/CD40 intracellular domain uses a 4-1BB-like metabolic pathway driven by cholesterol biosynthesis.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Dynamic estimation of metabolic state during CAR T cell production.Cell reports methods · 2026Article
- Targeting mitochondrial homeostasis as a cancer treatment strategy: current status and future prospects.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Beneficial effect of resveratrol on T cell oxidative metabolism and anti-tumor function is conditioned by priorMolecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2025Article
- Recent advances and challenges of cellular immunotherapies in lung cancer treatment.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2025Review
- Advances in strategies to improve the immunotherapeutic efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor-T cell therapy for lymphoma.Cancer biology & medicine · 2025Review
- Improved CAR internalization and recycling through transmembrane domain optimization reduces CAR-T cytokine release and exhaustion.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Metabolic reprogramming of CAR T cells: a new frontier in cancer immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
CD19 CAR-T cells have led to durable remissions in patients with refractory B-cell malignancies; nevertheless, most patients eventually relapse in the long term. Many interventions aimed at improving current products have been reported, with a subset of them focusing on a direct or indirect link to the metabolic state of the CAR-T cells. We assessed clinical products from an ongoing clinical trial utilizing CD19-28z CAR-T cells from patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. CAR-T clinical products leading to a complete response had significantly higher mitochondrial function (by oxygen consumption rate) irrespective of mitochondrial content. Next, we replaced the carbon source of the media from glucose to galactose to impact cellular metabolism. Galactose-containing media increased mitochondrial activity in CAR-T cells, and improved in in-vitro efficacy, without any consistent phenotypic change in memory profile. Finally, CAR-T cells produced in galactose-based glucose-free media resulted in increased mitochondrial activity. Using an in-vivo model of Nalm6 injected mice, galactose-primed CAR-T cells significantly improved leukemia-free survival compared to standard glucose-cultured CAR-T cells. Our results prove the significance of mitochondrial metabolism on CAR-T cell efficacy and suggest a translational pathway to improve clinical products.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.