ArticleHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics2024
Long-term stability and immunogenicity of lipid nanoparticle COVID-19 mRNA vaccine is affected by particle size.
Article in Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- Identification of a cell subpopulation with different response to lipid nanoparticles and effect of protein corona on uptake and transfection.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Next-Generation Nanocarrier Platforms for RNA Vaccines: Advances in Formulation, Stability Engineering, and Translational Manufacturing Challenges.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Review
- Macrocyclic histone deacetylase inhibitor-based near-infrared-responsive ionic nanomedicines for enhanced cancer therapy.International journal of pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Analytical Characterization and Stability Assessment of RNA-Based Vaccines.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Article
- Review
- Article
- AI-powered mapping of tumor immunity for optimized mRNA vaccine engineering.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Global landscape of mRNA vaccine clinical trials: a systematic analysis of ClinicalTrials.gov data.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Current Situation on Diabetes Management: New Weapons Fighting the Disease in 2025.Current drug targets · 2026Review
- Individualized mRNA Vaccines in Melanoma-Where Do We Stand?Vaccines · 2025Review
- Engineering biomimetic nanovesicles for PEBP1 mRNA delivery to inhibit ferroptosis in abdominal aortic aneurysm.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2025Article
- Establishing correlation between in vitro potency and in vivo immunogenicity for mRNA vaccines.NPJ vaccines · 2025Review
- Fabrication of a Spiral Microfluidic Chip for the Mass Production of Lipid Nanoparticles Using Laser Engraving.Micromachines · 2025Article
- Advances in nucleic acid-based cancer vaccines.Journal of biomedical science · 2025Review
- A computational framework for optimizing mRNA vaccine delivery via AI-guided nanoparticle design andFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Efficient mRNA Delivery In Vitro and In Vivo Using a Polycharged Biodegradable Nanomaterial.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Advances in Engineering Circular RNA Vaccines.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issuedCorrection.2024
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) technology has been rapidly applied for the development of the COVID-19 vaccine. However, naked mRNA itself is inherently unstable. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) protect mRNAs from extracellular ribonucleases and facilitate mRNA trafficking. For mRNA vaccines, antigen-presenting cells utilize LNPs through uptake to elicit antigen-specific immunity. There are reports on the impact of various physical characteristics of LNPs, particularly those with sizes less than 200 nm, especially 50 to 150 nm, on the overall stability and protective efficacy of mRNA vaccines. To address this, a single change in the size of LNPs using the same mRNA stock solution was assessed for the physicochemical characterization of the resulting mRNA-LNPs vaccine, along with the evaluation of their protective efficacy. Particles of smaller sizes generally disperse more effectively in solutions, with minimized occurrence of particle precipitation and aggregation. Here, we demonstrate that the vaccine containing 80-100 nm mRNA-LNPs showed the best stability and protection at 4°C and -20°C. Furthermore, we can conclude that freezing the vaccine at -20°C is more appropriate for maintaining stability over the long term. This effort is poised to provide a scientific basis for improving the quality of ongoing mRNA vaccine endeavors and providing information on the development of novel products.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.