ReviewHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics2024
Exosome may be the next generation of promising cell-free vaccines.
Review in Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed.
- Activating the cellular scavenger: A bioactive hydrogel promotes diabetic wounds via plant exosome-like nanovesicles enhanced macrophage efferocytosis.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- [Advancement in the role of exosomes for hepatitis B virus infection diagnosis and treatment: mechanisms and clinical applications].Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology · 2026Review
- Progress and challenge of hepatitis B virus mucosal vaccines.Virology journal · 2026Review
- Immune-modified exosome vaccine loaded with liver cancer epitope peptides induces potent and specific antitumor immunity.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Exosome-based vaccines in cancer immunotherapy: antitumor mechanisms, engineering strategies, and challenges.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2026Review
- 80 years of extracellular vesicles: from discovery to clinical translation.Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids · 2026Review
- Non-coding RNA transcripts and their exosomal counterparts in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of skin cancers, with a focus on melanoma.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2026Review
- Engineering Small Extracellular Vesicles for Colon-Targeted Delivery: Microenvironment-Responsive Design, Therapeutic Mechanisms, and Clinical Translation.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Plasmonic Nanostructures for Exosome Biosensing: Enabling High-Sensitivity Diagnostics.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Overcoming acquired immunotherapy resistance in non-small cell lung cancer using ginsenoside Rb1-loaded, peptide-enhanced exosome delivery systems.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Article
- Advances in the Functionalization of Vaccine Delivery Systems: Innovative Strategies and Translational Perspectives.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Exosome-based cancer vaccine: a cell-free approach.Molecular biology reports · 2025Review
- Exosomes as key mediators in immune and cancer cell interactions: insights in melanoma progression and therapy.Archives of dermatological research · 2025Review
- Exosomes in Precision Oncology and Beyond: From Bench to Bedside in Diagnostics and Therapeutics.Cancers · 2025Review
- Article
- Lemon-derived nanoparticle-functionalized hydrogels regulate macrophage reprogramming to promote diabetic wound healing.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Article
- Potential and development of cellular vesicle vaccines in cancer immunotherapy.Discover oncology · 2025Review
- A Comprehensive Review of the Development and Therapeutic Use of Antivirals in Flavivirus Infection.Viruses · 2025Review
- Nucleic acid vaccines: innovations, efficacy, and applications in at-risk populations.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Exosome-based immunotherapy as an innovative therapeutic approach in melanoma.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Traditional vaccines have limits against some persistent infections and pathogens. The development of novel vaccine technologies is particularly critical for the future. Exosomes play an important role in physiological and pathological processes. Exosomes present many advantages, such as inherent capacity being biocompatible, non-toxic, which make them a more desirable candidate for vaccines. However, research on exosomes are in their infancy and the barriers of low yield, low purity, and weak targeting of exosomes limit their applications in vaccines. Accordingly, further exploration is necessary to improve these problems and subsequently facilitate the functional studies of exosomes. In this study, we reviewed the origin, classification, functions, modifications, separation and purification, and characterization methods of exosomes. Meanwhile, we focused on the role and mechanism of exosomes for cancer and COVID-19 vaccines.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.