Trial reportCNS drugs2024
Sex Differences Between Female and Male Individuals in Antipsychotic Efficacy and Adverse Effects in the Treatment of Schizophrenia.
Trial report in CNS drugs, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Sex differences in schizophrenia: symptomatology, treatment efficacy and adverse effects.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Sex-specific effects of the atypical antipsychotic risperidone on performance in a risky decision-making task.Behavioural brain research · 2027Article
- Cortical morphometry might predict currently prescribed vs. discontinued medications in bipolar disorder, even after controlling for the cumulative dose effects: An ENIGMA mega-analysis.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Identifying genetic contributions of 6q21 loci and PPAR pathway to antipsychotic-induced metabolic syndrome: a Sex-Stratified Multi-Omics study.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Sex Differences in Schizophrenia Across the Reproductive Lifespan.Current psychiatry reports · 2026Review
- Comparative efficacy and safety of liraglutide versus metformin, naltrexone/bupropion, and phentermine-topiramate in psychiatric patients.Therapeutic advances in psychopharmacology · 2026 · on this mapArticle
- Clinical Benefit and Risk Profile of TV-46000 for Patients with Schizophrenia as Assessed by Number Needed to Treat and Number Needed to Harm.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2026Article
- Article
- Locomotor and endocrine alterations link to metabolic dysfunction induced by pathopharmacological interaction between neurodevelopmental disorders and antipsychotics: evidence from clinical and animal study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- [Gender-specific aspects of psychopharmacotherapy].Der Nervenarzt · 2026Review
- Patterns of Serum Prolactin Elevation Associated with Nine Second-Generation Antipsychotics in a Large Cohort of Patients with Schizophrenia.CNS drugs · 2025Article
- The Effect of Age on Antipsychotic Serum Concentration in Males and Females: A Study Based on Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Data From 19,926 Patients.Therapeutic drug monitoring · 2025Article
- Dopamine Partial Agonists in Pregnancy and Lactation: A Systematic Review.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Gender differences in drug-induced precocious puberty: a real-world analysis of adverse event reports from the FDA FAERS database (2004-2024).BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- Challenges of Constipation in People Suffering from Schizophrenia: A Narrative Review.Clinics and practice · 2025Review
- Real-world examination of the rates of long-acting injectable attrition in a cohort of early psychosis patients after discharge from an early intervention service for psychosis.Therapeutic advances in psychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Article
- Gender-stratified 9-month comparison of paliperidone extended-release tablets and paliperidone palmitate injection in schizophrenia.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Sex Differences in Brain Networks Might Explain Why Female Patients with Schizophrenia Experience More Side Effects from Antipsychotic Medications.Innovations in clinical neuroscienceArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectiveAntipsychotics are core treatments for people living with psychotic disorders. Understanding individualised factors that influence both efficacy and adverse responses will improve outcomes. The objective of this study was to examine sex differences in antipsychotic-related efficacy and tolerability.
methodsThis was a secondary analysis of data from phase 1 and 1a of Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE); participants with schizophrenia were randomly assigned to double-blinded treatment with oral olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, ziprasidone or perphenazine. Measures included Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) scale and Calgary Depression Rating Scale, as well as self-reported side effects, medication compliance, dosage, weight measurements and various blood parameters.
resultsThere were 1460 participants including 380 female and 1080 male individuals. Very few differences existed between male and female participants in response, adverse reactions, compliance or antipsychotic dosage. However, significantly more female participants than male participants reported constipation (28% vs 16%), dry mouth (50% vs 38%), gynecomastia/galactorrhea (11% vs 3%), incontinence/nocturia (16% vs 8%) and self reported weight gain (37% vs 24%) [all p < 0.001]. Within the risperidone treatment group, there was a significantly greater increase in prolactin levels (p < 0.001) among female participants (n = 61) than male participants (n = 159). No overall differences in clinician-rated measures, weight gain or other laboratory indicators were found.
conclusionsWhile overall sex differences were limited across efficacy and tolerability for antipsychotic treatment, there were some specific findings with risperidone. Further examination of sex differences within antipsychotic trials will be important to improve efficacy and reduce adverse responses across as well as individualising care for people with schizophrenia.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.