ArticleAME case reports2024
Granulomatous mastitis and pectoralis major muscle defect following polyacrylamide hydrogel injection: a case report and literature review.
Article in AME case reports, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Breast augmentation through the injection of polyacrylamide hydrogel (PAAG) was a popular procedure in the past, but it has since been prohibited due to various complications, including masses, migration, infection, inflammation, and even cancer. However, there were rare cases of granulomatous mastitis with pectoralis major muscle defect following PAAG injection for breast augmentation. Case Description: A 40-year-old female patient presented with a swollen and suppurative mass in her left breast and was insensitive to antibiotics. She was admitted to our department for further treatment after 7 months with progressive local and general symptoms. Ultrasound imaging showed ill-defined heterogeneous echoes, and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed non-mass enhancement lesions in the multiregional distribution in Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System 4A (BI-RADS 4A) with oedema in the retroglandular space and multiple enlarged lymph nodes in the ipsilateral axilla. Intraoperative observations revealed necrotic tissues, multiple abscesses, residual mucoid PAAG prosthesis diffused into the mammary glands and intramuscularly into the pectoralis muscle, and partial loss of pectoralis major muscle. Histopathological results revealed foreign-body granulomas accompanied by gel-like granular PAAG and proliferative inflammatory cells. She recovered after undergoing the characteristic surgical management in our center under general anesthesia and had no recurrence during the 2-year follow-up. Conclusions: This case revealed that PAAG injection for augmentation mammaplasty, even after the removal operation, could result in subsequent complications, including granulomatous mastitis and pectoralis major muscle damage. PAAG filler complications are difficult to treat, therefore, it is essential to establish appropriate and effective therapeutic procedures.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.