ArticleActa orthopaedica2024
Knee and ankle range of motion and spasticity from childhood into adulthood: a longitudinal cohort study of 3,223 individuals with cerebral palsy.
Article in Acta orthopaedica, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- A Swedish Population-Based Study Found That Muscle Hypertonia in Children With Cerebral Palsy Varied by Age, Subtype, Functional Level, and Muscle Group.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2026Article
- Fascial Manipulation Compared to Stretching for Rehabilitation of Children With Cerebral Palsy: Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- How Do Gait Outcomes Evolve in Adults with Spastic Cerebral Palsy Who Received Orthopedic Treatment in Childhood?Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Associations Between Maximal Passive Knee Extension and Sagittal Plane Kinematic Patterns in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy: A Longitudinal Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Is there a directional relationship between windswept hips and scoliosis in children with cerebral palsy?BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2025Article
- Function and Health in Adults with Dyskinetic Cerebral Palsy-A Follow-Up Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Biomechanical and clinical differences in muscle tone, stiffness, range of motion, and pain perception in children with cerebral palsy: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Article
- Lower Extremity Musculoskeletal Complications of Spastic Cerebral Palsy.Journal of orthopaedics and sports medicine · 2025Article
- Epidemiology of Lower Limb Musculoskeletal Pathology in Cerebral Palsy: A Population-Based, Cohort Study.JB & JS open accessArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
background and purposeReduced range of motion (ROM) and spasticity are common secondary findings in cerebral palsy (CP) affecting gait, positioning, and everyday functioning. These impairments can change over time and lead to various needs for intervention. The aim of this study was to analyze the development path of the changes in hamstring length, knee extension, ankle dorsiflexion, and spasticity in hamstrings and gastrosoleus from childhood into adulthood in individuals with CP at the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels I-V.
methodsA longitudinal cohort study was undertaken of 61,800 measurements in 3,223 individuals with CP, born 1990-2017 and followed for an average of 8.7 years (range 0-26). The age at examination varied between 0 and 30 years. The GMFCS levels I-V, goniometric measurements, and the modified Ashworth scale (MAS) were used for repeated assessments of motor function, ROM, and spasticity.
resultsThroughout the follow-up period, knee extension and hamstring length exhibited a consistent decline across all individuals, with more pronounced decreases evident in those classified at GMFCS levels III-V. Ankle dorsiflexion demonstrated a gradual reduction from 15° to 5° (GMFCS I-IV) or 10° (GMFCS V). Spasticity levels in the hamstrings and gastrosoleus peaked between ages 5 and 7, showing a propensity to increase with higher GMFCS levels.
conclusionPassive ROM continues to decrease to 30 years of age, most pronouncedly for knee extension. Conversely, spasticity reached its peak at a younger age, with a more notable occurrence observed in the gastrosoleus compared with the hamstrings. Less than 50% of individuals had spasticity corresponding to MAS 2-4 at any age.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.