ArticleHeliyon2024
Mediating effect of metabolic syndrome in the association of educational attainment with intervertebral disc degeneration and low back pain.
Article in Heliyon, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Causal association of education, smoking, sedentary lifestyle and body mass index with disc degeneration: Mendelian randomization.Medicine · 2025Article
- Salvianolic acid A modulates α-Ketoisovaleric acid metabolism to inhibit human cartilage endplate cells apoptosis under mechanical tensile stress.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Exploring the causal relationships between spondyloarthritis/ankylosing spondylitis and intervertebral disc degeneration: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2025Article
- Association between metabolism and low back pain: a cross-sectional study.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2025Article
- GM@mTG-V microspheres promote NP regeneration by reconstructing IVD biomechanics and inflammatory microenvironment.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Exploring the role of statin interventions on cognitive function by Mendelian randomization study.Journal of Alzheimer's disease reportsArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The causal association of educational attainment (EA) with intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) or low back pain (LBP), and the mediating effect of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in this association, is not studied to date. In this study, using summary statistics of genome-wide association studies primarily conducted in the individuals of European ancestry, Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were performed to investigate: (1) the total and direct effects of EA on IVDD and LBP, (2) bidirectional associations of EA with MetS or the components of MetS, (3) causal effects of MetS or its components on IVDD and LBP, and (4) mediating effects of MetS or its components on the causal associations of EA with IVDD and LBP. Univariable MR analysis demonstrated that genetically proxied EA was inversely associated with IVDD (ORIVW: 0.90; 95 % CI: 0.87-0.92) and LBP (ORIVW: 0.86; 95 % CI: 0.84-0.89). Consistent results were obtained after adjusting for potential confounders (cognition, economic level, smoking traits, and metabolic factors). Mediation analysis proved that the effect of EA on IVDD mediated by MetS, waist circumference, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was 11.38 %, 9.22 %, and 2.17 %, respectively. Besides, MetS mediated 8.42 % and waist circumference mediated 5.81 % of the EA effects on LBP, respectively. Our findings provided support for MetS mediating the causal protective effects of EA on IVDD and LBP, which provided causal evidence to the etiology and intervention targets of IVDD and LBP.
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