Radiomics analysis of pancreas based on dual-energy computed tomography for the detection of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective: To utilize radiomics analysis on dual-energy CT images of the pancreas to establish a quantitative imaging biomarker for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods: In this retrospective study, 78 participants (45 with type 2 diabetes mellitus, 33 without) underwent a dual energy CT exam. Pancreas regions were segmented automatically using a deep learning algorithm. From these regions, radiomics features were extracted. Additionally, 24 clinical features were collected for each patient. Both radiomics and clinical features were then selected using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) technique and then build classifies with random forest (RF), support vector machines (SVM) and Logistic. Three models were built: one using radiomics features, one using clinical features, and a combined model. Results: Seven radiomic features were selected from the segmented pancreas regions, while eight clinical features were chosen from a pool of 24 using the LASSO method. These features were used to build a combined model, and its performance was evaluated using five-fold cross-validation. The best classifier type is Logistic and the reported area under the curve (AUC) values on the test dataset were 0.887 (0.73-1), 0.881 (0.715-1), and 0.922 (0.804-1) for the respective models. Conclusion: Radiomics analysis of the pancreas on dual-energy CT images offers potential as a quantitative imaging biomarker in the detection of type 2 diabetes mellitus.