Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38706760›Full record

ArticleJournal of preventive medicine and hygiene2024

Balto and Togo during the cold winter of Alaska (1925): the two canine heroes in the fight against diphtheria.

Omar Simonetti, Lavinia Cosimi, Marco Cigana, Arturo Penco, Stefano DI Bella, Mariano Martini

Abstract readHistorical Article
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Omar SimonettiInfectious Diseases Unit, University Hospital of Trieste, Italy.
Lavinia CosimiInfectious Diseases Unit, University Hospital of Trieste, Italy.
Marco CiganaEmergency Department, San Jacopo Hospital, Pistoia, Italy.
Arturo PencoDepartment of Pediatrics, Latisana-Palmanova Hospital, ASUFC, Udine, Italy.
Stefano DI BellaClinical Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Trieste University, Trieste, Italy.
Mariano Martini

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In recent years, diphtheria has re-emerged in areas with inadequate vaccination coverage, and Europe has not been spared with several cases among migrants. Diphtheria is a potentially fatal infection caused mainly by toxigenic strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Due to the high mortality rate, especially among young children, the fight against diphtheria is considered one of the first conquests of immunization. In the history of medicine, there is a unique case of an unconventional response to a diphtheria outbreak in which sled dogs were used to overcome the supply difficulties of diphtheria antitoxin. The mass media followed the medical response to the outbreak and raised audience awareness of public health issues. The facts of Nome, Alaska, in 1925 can serve as a catalyst to rethink conventional responses to diphtheria outbreaks in low-income countries today and promote mass media awareness of public health importance.

Indexed as

DiphtheriaAlaskaAnimalsCorynebacterium diphtheriaeDiphtheria AntitoxinDisease OutbreaksDogsHistory, 20th CenturyHumansSeasonsTogoDiphtheria AntitoxinAntitoxinDiphtheriaDogsHistory of vaccines and vaccinationsImmunization

Identifiers

PMID38706760
PMCPMC11066831

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.