Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38703195›Full record

ArticleEuropean archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery2024

Validation of the Quality Analysis of Medical Artificial Intelligence (QAMAI) tool: a new tool to assess the quality of health information provided by AI platforms.

Luigi Angelo Vaira, Jerome R Lechien, Vincenzo Abbate, Fabiana Allevi, Giovanni Audino, Giada Anna Beltramini, Michela Bergonzani, Paolo Boscolo-Rizzo, Gianluigi Califano, Giovanni Cammaroto and 22 more

Abstract readValidation Study
In one paragraph

Article in European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
45citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

45 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Current role of artificial intelligence and machine learning: is their application feasible in pediatric upper airway obstructive disorders?European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2026
    Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
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  9. Dr. AI says you have sleep apnea: measuring the accuracy of patient-facing AI in sleep medicine.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2026
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  10. "MELMA" in otolaryngology: Medical evaluation of large language model answers. Clinician-rated scoring (MELMA-Q) and web-based auditing (MELMA-W) novel tools for AI assessment.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2026
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  13. Generative AI vs web search for patient education: a comparative evaluation of OSA information quality.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

32 authors.

Luigi Angelo Vaira *Maxillofacial Surgery Operative Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100, Sassari, Italy. lavaira@uniss.it.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7789-145X
Jerome R Lechien *Department of Laryngology and Bronchoesophagology, EpiCURA Hospital, Mons School of Medicine, UMONS. Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMons), Mons, Belgium.
Vincenzo AbbateHead and Neck Section, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Science, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
Fabiana AlleviMaxillofacial Surgery Department, ASSt Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Giovanni AudinoHead and Neck Section, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Science, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
Giada Anna BeltraminiDepartment of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Michela BergonzaniMaxillo-Facial Surgery Division, Head and Neck Department, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, USA.
Paolo Boscolo-RizzoDepartment of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
Gianluigi CalifanoDepartment of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Science, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
Giovanni CammarotoENT Department, Morgagni Pierantoni Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Forlì, Italy.
Carlos M Chiesa-EstombaDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain.
Umberto CommitteriHead and Neck Section, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Science, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
Salvatore CrimiOperative Unit of Maxillofacial Surgery, Policlinico San Marco, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
Nicholas R CurranDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
Francesco di BelloDepartment of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Science, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
Arianna di StadioOtolaryngology Unit, GF Ingrassia Department, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
Andrea FrosoliniDepartment of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
Guido GabrieleDepartment of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
Isabelle M GenglerDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
Fabio LonardiDepartment of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
Fabio MaglittoMaxillo-Facial Surgery Unit, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.
Miguel Mayo-YáñezOtorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña (CHUAC), A Coruña, Galicia, Spain.
Marzia PetrocelliMaxillofacial Surgery Operative Unit, Bellaria and Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy.
Resi PucciMaxillofacial Surgery Unit, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy.
Alberto Maria SaibeneOtolaryngology Unit, Santi Paolo e Carlo Hospital, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Gianmarco SaponaroMaxillo-Facial Surgery Unit, IRCSS "A. Gemelli" Foundation-Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
Alessandro TelClinic of Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Neuroscience, University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy.
Franco TrabalziniDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy.
Eleonora M C TreccaDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, IRCCS Hospital Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy.
Valentino VelloneMaxillofacial Surgery Unit, "S. Maria" Hospital, Terni, Italy.
Giovanni Salzano *Head and Neck Section, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Science, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
Giacomo De Riu *Maxillofacial Surgery Operative Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100, Sassari, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe widespread diffusion of Artificial Intelligence (AI) platforms is revolutionizing how health-related information is disseminated, thereby highlighting the need for tools to evaluate the quality of such information. This study aimed to propose and validate the Quality Assessment of Medical Artificial Intelligence (QAMAI), a tool specifically designed to assess the quality of health information provided by AI platforms.

methodsThe QAMAI tool has been developed by a panel of experts following guidelines for the development of new questionnaires. A total of 30 responses from ChatGPT4, addressing patient queries, theoretical questions, and clinical head and neck surgery scenarios were assessed by 27 reviewers from 25 academic centers worldwide. Construct validity, internal consistency, inter-rater and test-retest reliability were assessed to validate the tool.

resultsThe validation was conducted on the basis of 792 assessments for the 30 responses given by ChatGPT4. The results of the exploratory factor analysis revealed a unidimensional structure of the QAMAI with a single factor comprising all the items that explained 51.1% of the variance with factor loadings ranging from 0.449 to 0.856. Overall internal consistency was high (Cronbach's alpha = 0.837). The Interclass Correlation Coefficient was 0.983 (95% CI 0.973-0.991; F (29,542) = 68.3; p < 0.001), indicating excellent reliability. Test-retest reliability analysis revealed a moderate-to-strong correlation with a Pearson's coefficient of 0.876 (95% CI 0.859-0.891; p < 0.001).

conclusionsThe QAMAI tool demonstrated significant reliability and validity in assessing the quality of health information provided by AI platforms. Such a tool might become particularly important/useful for physicians as patients increasingly seek medical information on AI platforms.

Indexed as

Artificial IntelligenceHumansReproducibility of ResultsSurveys and QuestionnairesAIArtificial intelligenceChatGPTHead and neck surgeryHealth-related information qualityMachine learningMaxillofacial surgeryNatural language processingNeural networksOtorhinolaryngology

Identifiers

PMID38703195
PMCPMC11512889

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