ArticleScientific reports2024
Socioeconomic and geographic inequalities in antenatal and postnatal care components in India, 2016-2021.
Article in Scientific reports, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Awareness and utilization of antenatal care services: A comparative study between educated and uneducated mothers.Bioinformation · 2026Article
- Utilization of full antenatal care among Scheduled Caste mothers in India, 2015-2021.BMC women's health · 2025Article
- Predictors of gestational weight gain in western India: Findings from a longitudinal study across rural and urban cohorts.PloS one · 2025Article
- Article
- Trends in the quality of antenatal care in India: Patterns of change across 36 states and union territories, 1999-2021.Journal of global health · 2024Article
- Determining the influential factors of postnatal care in Bangladesh using multilevel logistic regression.PloS one · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Despite the well-known importance of high-quality care before and after delivery, not every mother and newborn in India receive appropriate antenatal and postnatal care (ANC/PNC). Using India's National Family Health Surveys (2015-2016 and 2019-2021), we quantified the socioeconomic and geographic inequalities in the utilization of ANC/PNC among women aged 15-49 years and their newborns (N = 161,225 in 2016; N = 150,611 in 2021). For each of the eighteen ANC/PNC components, we assessed absolute and relative inequalities by household wealth (poorest vs. richest), maternal education (no education vs. higher than secondary), and type of place of residence (rural vs. urban) and evaluated state-level heterogeneity. In 2021, the national prevalence of ANC/PNC components ranged from 19.8% for 8 + ANC visits to 91.6% for maternal weight measurement. Absolute inequalities were greatest for ultrasound test (33.3%-points by wealth, 30.3%-points by education) and 8 + ANC visits (13.2%-points by residence). Relative inequalities were greatest for 8 + ANC visits (1.8 ~ 4.4 times). All inequalities declined over time. State-specific estimates were overall consistent with national results. Socioeconomic and geographic inequalities in ANC/PNC varied significantly across components and by states. To optimize maternal and newborn health in India, future interventions should aim to achieve universal coverage of all ANC/PNC components.
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