Geographical and economic influences on neuroimaging modality choice.

The current neuroimaging literature is unrepresentative of the world's population due to bias towards particular types of people living in a subset of geographical locations. This is true of both the people running the research and those participating in it. These biases mean we may be missing insights into how the brain works. As neuroimaging research expands out to more of the world, the reality of global economic disparities becomes salient. With economic conditions having an effect on many background conditions for research, we can ask whether they also influence the neuroimaging research being done. To investigate this, the number of neuroimaging publications originating from a country was used as a proxy for the type of research being done there in terms of imaging modalities employed. This was then related to local economic conditions, as represented by national gross domestic product and research and development spending. National financial metrics were positively associated with neuroimaging output. The imaging modalities used were also found to be associated with local economic conditions, with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) research positively and electroencephalography (EEG) negatively associated with national research spending. These results suggest that economic conditions may be relevant when planning how neuroimaging research can be expanded globally.