ArticleCancer control : journal of the Moffitt Cancer Center
Structural Racism as a Contributor to Lung Cancer Incidence and Mortality Rates Among Black Populations in the United States.
Article in Cancer control : journal of the Moffitt Cancer Center. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Measuring Structural Racism to Advance Health Equity: A Scoping Review of Quantitative Approaches.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Review
- Maintaining momentum: the history and future of lung cancer disparities in the United States.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Demographic and racial disparities in small-cell lung carcinoma: trends in diagnosis to treatment time, chemoradiotherapy seeking, and incidence rates-A SEER database analysis (2000-2021) with Bayesian multilevel regression modeling.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Article
- Measuring premature and cumulative family member bereavement: Racial disparities and later mortality risk.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Impact of Multimorbidity on Symptom Burden and Symptom Clusters in Patients Receiving Chemotherapy.Cancer medicine · 2025Article
- A healing justice approach to grief in communities of color.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundAlthough racial disparities in lung cancer incidence and mortality have diminished in recent years, lung cancer remains the second most diagnosed cancer among US Black populations. Many factors contributing to disparities in lung cancer are rooted in structural racism. To quantify this relationship, we examined associations between a multidimensional measure of county-level structural racism and county lung cancer incidence and mortality rates among Black populations, while accounting for county levels of environmental quality.
methodsWe merged 2016-2020 data from the United States Cancer Statistics Data Visualization Tool, a pre-existing county-level structural racism index, the Environmental Protection Agency's 2006-2010 Environmental Quality Index (EQI), 2023 County Health Rankings, and the 2021 United States Census American Community Survey. We conducted multivariable linear regressions to examine associations between county-level structural racism and county-level lung cancer incidence and mortality rates.
resultsAmong Black males and females, each standard deviation increase in county-level structural racism score was associated with an increase in county-level lung cancer incidence of 6.4 (95% CI: 4.4, 8.5) cases per 100,000 and an increase of 3.3 (95% CI: 2.0, 4.6) lung cancer deaths per 100,000. When examining these associations stratified by sex, larger associations between structural racism and lung cancer rates were observed among Black male populations than among Black females.
conclusionStructural racism contributes to both the number of new lung cancer cases and the number of deaths caused by lung cancer among Black populations. Those aiming to reduce lung cancer cases and deaths should consider addressing racism as a root-cause.
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