ArticleEpidemiology and health2024
Causal effect of serum matrix metalloproteinase levels on venous thromboembolism: a Mendelian randomization study.
Article in Epidemiology and health, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- The arterial-venous continuum: bridging atherosclerosis and chronic venous disease through endothelial dysfunction.Internal and emergency medicine · 2026Review
- Proteomics-based clustering for higher risk of venous thromboembolism in patients with nephrotic syndrome.Research and practice in thrombosis and haemostasis · 2026Article
- Molecular determinants of thromboinflammatory activation in inflammatory bowel disease.Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Review
- Causal relationship between matrix metalloproteinase and pulmonary embolism: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesSerum matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) levels are associated with cardiovascular diseases. However, the causal associations between serum levels of specific MMPs and venous thromboembolism (VTE) remain unclear. The present study sought to explore the causal relationship between serum MMP levels and VTE by using the Mendelian randomization (MR) method.
methodsIn this study 2-sample MR study, the exposure data on serum MMP levels were derived from genome-wide association studies involving 21,758 individuals from 13 cohorts of European descent. The outcome data on VTE, including deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, were derived from the FinnGen research project. The primary method used was the inverse-variance weighting method. The MR-Egger intercept test and the Cochran Q test were used to evaluate pleiotropy and heterogeneity.
resultsUsing the inverse-variance weighting method, higher serum MMP-12 levels were found to be associated with an increased risk of VTE (odds ratio, 1.04; 95% confidence interval, 1.01 to 1.07; p=0.001). Moreover, there was a weak association between the levels of certain MMPs and VTE. Sensitivity analyses revealed no significant heterogeneity and pleiotropy in our study, and the Steiger directionality test did not reveal a significant reverse causation association.
conclusionsThere is a causal association between MMP-12 levels and VTE, which may have substantial implications for the diagnostic and therapeutic strategies used for VTE.
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