ReviewCurrent nutrition reports2024
Cholesterol and Immune Microenvironment: Path Towards Tumorigenesis.
Review in Current nutrition reports, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical value of controlling nutritional status scores in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Dual Modulation of Senescence and Immune Checkpoints by Metformin and Dapagliflozin Attenuates Liver Fibrosis in a Thioacetamide-Induced Rat Model.Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin · 2026Article
- NAT10 promotes gallbladder cancer progression by remodeling cholesterol metabolism via PCSK9 mRNA acetylation.Cell death discovery · 2026Article
- RAP-peptide functionalized biomimetic nanoformulation with pathological ROS/pH-responsive drug release for target immunotherapy in glioma.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Lipid reprogramming and ferroptosis crosstalk in clear cell renal cell carcinoma: metabolic vulnerabilities and therapeutic targeting.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- Clinical predictive factors of the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors and kinase inhibitors in advanced hepatocellular cancer.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2025Article
- Cholesterol Targeted Catalytic Hydrogel Fueled by Tumor Debris can Enhance Microwave Ablation Therapy and Anti-Tumor Immune Response.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- 7-Dehydrocholesterol Reductase Activates the Hedgehog Pathway by Regulating Cholesterol to Promote the Development of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Current cancer drug targets · 2025Article
- Association of cardiovascular disease on cancer: observational and mendelian randomization analyses.Scientific reports · 2024Observational
- Correlation between body mass index and lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma: a retrospective clinical study.Gland surgery · 2024Article
- Oxysterol-binding Protein-like 3 Promotes Tumor Progression by Regulating Apoptosis and Angiogenesis in Colorectal Cancer.Cancer genomics & proteomicsArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purpose of reviewSince obesity is a major risk factor for many different types of cancer, examining one of the most closely associated comorbidities, such as hypercholesterolemia, is crucial to understanding how obesity causes cancer. Hypercholesterolemia is usually associated with many cardiovascular complications such as hypertension, angina, and atherosclerosis. In addition, cholesterol may be a major factor in increasing cancer risk. Cancer patients who received statins, an anti-hypercholesteremic medicine, demonstrated improved prognosis possibly through its effect on tumor proliferation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. Cholesterol could also aid in tumor progression through reprogramming tumor immunological architecture and mediators. This review focuses on the immunomodulatory role of cholesterol on cellular and molecular levels, which may explain its oncogenic driving activity. We look at how cholesterol modulates tumor immune cells like dendritic cells, T cells, Tregs, and neutrophils. Further, this study sheds light on the modification of the expression pattern of the common cancer-related immune mediators in the tumor immune microenvironment, such as programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), interleukin 12 (IL-12), IL-23, and forkhead box protein P3 (FOXP3). RECENT
findingsWe highlight relevant literature demonstrating cholesterol's immunosuppressive role, leading to a worse cancer prognosis. This review invites further research regarding the pathobiological role of cholesterol in many obesity-related cancers such as uterine fibroids, post-menopausal breast, colorectal, endometrial, kidney, esophageal, pancreatic, liver, and gallbladder cancers. This review suggests that targeting cholesterol synthesis may be a fruitful approach to cancer targeting, in addition to traditional chemotherapeutics.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.