ReviewHNO2025
[Update on diagnostic procedures in third window syndromes. German version].
Review in HNO, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed, 2 citations in OpenAlex.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe diagnosis of third window syndromes often poses a challenge in clinical practice.
objectiveThis paper provides an up-to-date overview of diagnostic procedures in third window syndromes, with special emphasis on superior canal dehiscence syndrome (SCDS), large vestibular aqueduct syndrome (LVAS), and X-chromosomal malformation of the cochlea. MATERIALS AND
methodsA literature search was performed in PubMed up to December 2023. Furthermore, a selection of the authors' own cases is presented.
resultsAudiovestibular tests for the diagnosis of third window syndromes are most often reported for patients with SCDS in the literature. In this context, cut-off values with different sensitivities and specificities have been defined for different outcome parameters of vestibular evoked myogenic potentials. Current developments include the application of electrocochleography, broadband tympanometry, video head impulse testing, and vibration-induced nystagmus. Genetic analyses are increasingly applied in LVAS.
conclusionThe diagnosis of third window syndromes is always based on the synthesis of patients' symptoms, clinical signs, audiovestibular test results, and imaging.
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Registered trials
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