ArticleActa histochemica et cytochemica2024
Clinicopathological Significance and Prognostic Role of High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1), Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4 in Breast Cancer.
Article in Acta histochemica et cytochemica, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Infiltration of TIM4-positive intratumoral macrophages serves as an adverse prognostic factor in breast cancer.Breast cancer (Tokyo, Japan) · 2026Article
- T-Cell Immunoglobulin and Mucin Domain 1 (Tim1) as a Prognostic Factor Associated With Therapeutic Resistance in Human Breast Carcinoma.International journal of breast cancer · 2026Article
- C-type lectin-like domain family 2 (CLEC2D) promotes proliferation and migration of breast cancer and serves as a poor prognostic factor.Breast cancer (Tokyo, Japan) · 2026Article
- Dualistic Roles of High Mobility Group Box 1 in Cancer and Inflammation.Cancer medicine · 2025Review
- Natural compounds and programmed necrosis: pioneering a new frontier in cancer treatments.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Review
- HMGB1 Deficiency Occurs in a Broad Range of Human Cancers and Is Often Associated with Unfavorable Tumor Phenotype.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Toll-Like Receptors in the Immunotherapy Era: Dual-Edged Swords of Tumor Immunity and Clinical Translation.MedComm · 2025Review
- Toll-Like Receptor 4-Mediated Neuroinflammation: Updates on Pathological Roles and Therapeutic Strategies in Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Effect of Hepatic Lipid Overload on Accelerated Hepatocyte Proliferation Promoted by HGF Expression via the SphK1/S1PR2 Pathway in MCD-diet Mouse Partial Hepatectomy.Acta histochemica et cytochemica · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) functions as damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMPs), released into extracellular space during cellular stress. Extracellular HMGB1 act as signal molecules through Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 or TLR4, exerting diverse functions in both normal cells and malignant cells including breast cancer. However, their comprehensive examination in breast cancer tissues is lacking. Thus, we immunolocalized them in 112 breast cancer tissues, correlating their immunoreactivity with clinicopathological parameters and clinical outcomes to clarify their significance in breast cancer. We demonstrated that nuclear HMGB1 immunoreactivity was correlated with tumor progression and longer disease-free survival. In contrast, TLR2 immunoreactivity was correlated with increased cell proliferation and shorter disease-free survival, dependent on cytoplasmic HMGB1 immunoreactivity. Additionally, TLR4 immunoreactivity correlated with chemoresistance, regardless of cytoplasmic HMGB1 immunoreactivity. It was therefore considered that TLR2 collaboratively contributed to breast cancer progression with HMGB1-DAMPs to become a worse prognostic factor. Meanwhile, TLR4 served as a worse prognostic factor associated with chemoresistance, irrespective of HMGB1.
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