Intensive Care Unit Nurses' Professional Autonomy: A Scoping Review.

Intensive care unit (ICU) nurses' professional autonomy is a critical factor affecting their ability to sustainably provide high-quality care to patients who are critically ill and to their families. However, in the absence of a systematic or scoping review of ICU nurses' professional autonomy, limited information and evidence are available on this topic. The aim of this scoping review was to clarify the extent and type of evidence on ICU nurses' professional autonomy. This scoping review was conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews. The following research questions were addressed: (1) Which areas of interest and trends regarding ICU nurses' professional autonomy have been explored in studies published in scientific journals? And (2) What is known about ICU nurses' professional autonomy? The data sources included MEDLINE, CINAHL Ultimate, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, and Ichushi-Web of the Japan Medical Abstracts Society databases. Identified studies were mapped based on their aim, design, methodology, and key findings and categorized according to their focus areas. Of the 734 identified studies, 16 were analyzed. The identified categories were as follows: "relationship between professional autonomy and mental issues," "experiences and processes of exercising professional autonomy," "relationship between professional autonomy and nurse-physician collaboration," "relationship between professional autonomy and demographic characteristics," "concept of professional autonomy," "barriers to professional autonomy," and "team approach to improve professional autonomy." Most studies have focused on the relationship between professional autonomy and mental health issues and nurse-physician collaboration and few included interventions to enable or promote the exercise of professional autonomy, highlighting a research gap. Future research should identify factors that inhibit the professional autonomy of ICU nurses and that can be changed through interventions and should develop educational and organizational change-based interventions to modify the factors.