ReviewHeliyon2024
The critical impacts of cytokine storms in respiratory disorders.
Review in Heliyon, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Herbal preparations traditionally used in upper respiratory tract infections: UHPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MSBMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2026Article
- Attenuating pulmonary injury and inflammation with C5/CD14 inhibition therapy: results from a porcine polytrauma model with blunt chest trauma.European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2026Article
- Kidney-Lung Crosstalk in Acute Nephrologic Involvement: Mechanisms, Complement Activation, and Implications for Multiorgan Dysfunction.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The many faces of cytokine storm syndrome: immunopathogenic mechanisms and clinical implications for a better patient management.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2026Review
- Integrative Traditional Chinese Medicine Strategies for Refractory Mycoplasma Pneumonia in Children: Clinical Challenges, Mechanisms, and Evidence-Based Insights.Infection and drug resistance · 2026Review
- NLRP3 inflammasomes at the ARDS-cancer interface: mechanisms and translational hypotheses.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Plasma proteomic signatures in HIV-infected individuals post-SARS-CoV-2 infection.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- From Systemic Inflammation to Vascular Remodeling: Investigating Carotid IMT in COVID-19 Survivors.Viruses · 2025Article
- Extracellular DNA, hyaluronic acid, HIF pathways, and LncRNAs as predictive biomarkers of severe COVID-19.Virology journal · 2025Review
- PROTAC-Based Antivirals for Respiratory Viruses: A Novel Approach for Targeted Therapy and Vaccine Development.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- NMDA receptor antagonists mitigate COVID-19-induced neuroinflammation and improve survival in a mouse model.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- OPG and TNFR1 as Potential Biomarkers of Inflammation in Older Adults with Acute COVID-19 and Indicators of Frailty in Post-COVID-19: A Pilot Study.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Article
- Advances in the mechanisms, imaging characteristics and management strategies for immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Unraveling the triad of immunotherapy, tumor microenvironment, and skeletal muscle biomechanics in oncology.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
25 authors at 9 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cytokine storm (CS) refers to the spontaneous dysregulated and hyper-activated inflammatory reaction occurring in various clinical conditions, ranging from microbial infection to end-stage organ failure. Recently the novel coronavirus involved in COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) has been associated with the pathological phenomenon of CS in critically ill patients. Furthermore, critically ill patients suffering from CS are likely to have a grave prognosis and a higher case fatality rate. Pathologically CS is manifested as hyper-immune activation and is clinically manifested as multiple organ failure. An in-depth understanding of the etiology of CS will enable the discovery of not just disease risk factors of CS but also therapeutic approaches to modulate the immune response and improve outcomes in patients with respiratory diseases having CS in the pathogenic pathway. Owing to the grave consequences of CS in various diseases, this phenomenon has attracted the attention of researchers and clinicians throughout the globe. So in the present manuscript, we have attempted to discuss CS and its ramifications in COVID-19 and other respiratory diseases, as well as prospective treatment approaches and biomarkers of the cytokine storm. Furthermore, we have attempted to provide in-depth insight into CS from both a prophylactic and therapeutic point of view. In addition, we have included recent findings of CS in respiratory diseases reported from different parts of the world, which are based on expert opinion, clinical case-control research, experimental research, and a case-controlled cohort approach.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.